不同种属颅外段面神经结构的比较  

Structural difference among the different species' facial nerves

作　　者：赵斌[1] 龙璇[2] 杨昱 任志午[1] 彭江[1] 王玉[1] 张莉[1] 许文静[1] 赵喆[1] 詹胜锋[1] 卢世璧[1] 赵庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军总医院,北京100853 [2]贵阳医学院附属医院 [3]襄阳市第一人民医院

出　　处：《山东医药》2011年第20期15-16,22,共3页Shandong Medical Journal

基　　金：国家863计划课题(2009AA03Z312);军队十一五计划课题(06Z057);国家支撑计划课题(2009BAI87B02)

摘　　要：目的通过比较鼠、兔、犬、人颅外段的面神经主干及各分支的解剖学和组织学结构,总结"一干多支"周围神经的特点。方法在外科显微镜下解剖、分离出鼠、兔、犬、人的颅外段面神经主干及颞支、颧支、颊支、下颌缘支、颈支5个分支,各20根全面神经,分别进行石蜡切片HE染色,半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色,超薄切片电镜观察,运用图像分析软件Image.pro.plus.5.0,分别记录各种属面神经主干及各分支的神经直径、神经分束、轴突直径、髓鞘厚度等结构特点。结果面神经直径鼠<兔<人<犬;面神经分束,鼠2～4束,兔2～6束,人5～9束,犬各分支均只有1束;轴突直径鼠<兔<犬<人;髓鞘厚度鼠<兔<犬<人。结论不同种属的"一干多支"神经具有不同的特点。Objective To observe and measure anatomic and histological structure of sciatic nerves got from different species,which would be assistance to identify the property of peripheral nerve with one stump and multiple branches.Methods Twenty pieces of harvested extracranial facial nerves of rat,rabbit,dog and human,respectively,were exposed isolated free of the underlying fascia.Each nerve including one stump and five branches： temporal branch,zygomatic branch,buccal branch,marginal mandibular branch and cervical branch.The nerves were made into routine sections for the HE coloration,semithin sections for toluidine blue staining and ultrathin sections for transmission electron microscope.The diameter of nerve,number of trunks,diameter of axon,thickness of myelin sheath were measured and analysised by software of Image.pro.plus.5.0 for each stump and branch of all four species＇ facial nerves.Results The diameter of nerve： ratrabbithumandog;The number of trunks： rat 2～4,rabbit 2～6,human 5～9,the numbers of stum and every branch of dog were both 1;The diameter of axon： ratrabbitdoghuman;Thickness of myelin sheath： ratrabbitdoghuman.Conclusion There＇re specie-speficities in the peripheral nerves with one stump and multiple branches of different species.

关 键 词：面神经 一干多支 周围神经 神经解剖学 

分 类 号：R322.85[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]