湖南省油菜施磷效应及土壤速效磷丰缺指标研究  

Study on response of rapeseed to P application and abundance and deficiency indices of soil available P in Hunan Province

作　　者：鲁艳红[1,2,3] 廖育林[1,2,3] 黄凤球[1] 黄铁平[4] 鲁剑巍[5] 汤海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学资源与环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]农业部望城水稻土生态环境重点野外观测实验站,湖南长沙410125 [4]湖南省土壤肥料工作站,湖南长沙410005 [5]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2011年第3期49-53,67,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划-长江中下游水旱轮作区高效施肥关键技术研究与示范(编号:2008BADA4B08);湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2010hnnkycx56)

摘　　要：为研究施磷对油菜的产量及经济效益的影响,并建立湖南省油菜种植体系土壤速效磷的丰缺指标,于2005～2008年在湖南省油菜主产区布置51个磷肥肥效田间试验。结果表明,油菜施磷具有明显的增产效应及增收效果。施磷较不施磷增产51～1 265 kg/hm2,平均429 kg/hm2,平均增产率为45.9%,每千克P2O5增加5.40 kg油菜籽;施磷平均每公顷增加收入122.75元,平均产投比4.14,71%的田块施磷产投比>2.0。土壤速效磷对施磷增产效应及经济效益有显著影响,施磷增产幅度及经济回报均随土壤速效磷含量的提高而降低。土壤速效磷"极低"、"低"、"中"、"高"和"极高"分级指标分别为<6.0 mg/kg、6.0～11.5 mg/kg、11.5～22.1 mg/kg、22.1～27.5 mg/kg和>27.5 mg/kg。51 field trails of phosphate fertilizer（P） application on rapeseed were conducted in main rapeseed production regions of Hunan province during 2005 to 2008.The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of P on rapeseed yield and profit,and determine abundance and deficiency indices of soil available P.The results showed that P fertilizer application significantly increased rapeseed yield and profit compared with no P application.The range of yield increment was from 51 kg/hm2 to 1 265 kg/hm2,and the average value was 429 kg/hm2.The average increasing rate of rapeseed yield was over 45.9%,and rapeseed yield was increased by 5.40 kg per 1 kg P2O5 application.The benefit increased by 122.75 yuan/hm2 with P fertilizer application.Average value of value cost ratio（VCR） was 4.14,and the VCR of 71% of all trails were higher than 2.0.Soil available P content significantly affected response in yield and profit with P application,and there was significantly negative correlation between yield increment,VCR by P fertilizer application and soil available P.The very low,low,medium,high,very high indices for soil available P were 〈6.0 mg/kg,6.0～11.5 mg/kg,11.5～22.1 mg/kg,22.1～27.5 mg/kg and 〉27.5 mg/kg,respectively.

关 键 词：湖南 油菜 磷肥效应 土壤速效磷 丰缺指标 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]