主语关系从句加工优势的普遍性——来自汉语关系从句ERP研究的证据  

Universality of Processing Advantage for Subject Relative Clause:An ERP Study of Chinese Relative Clauses

作　　者：刘涛[1,2,3] 周统权[4] 杨亦鸣[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,江苏南京210029 [2]徐州师范大学语言研究所,江苏徐州221009 [3]江苏省语言与认知神经科学重点实验室,江苏徐州221009 [4]华中师范大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《语言科学》2011年第1期1-20,共20页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(10&ZD126);国家社会科学基金一般项目(06BYY020);教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目(07JA740027);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);江苏高校哲学社会科学重点研究基地重大项目;江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究资助项目(10KJA180051);江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金重点项目(09SJB740001)的资助

摘　　要：文章采用ERP技术通过考察汉语关系从句的神经加工机制,探讨了主语关系从句加工优势的普遍性问题。实验对句法结构临时性歧义进行了控制,并调控了从句动词论元的生命性与指称性,结果发现:1)汉语主语关系从句比宾语关系从句更容易加工,主语关系从句加工优势具有语言类型上的普遍性;2)从句内语迹与移位的从句中心语之间的句法结构距离更短是主语关系从句存在加工优势的原因,符合"结构距离"假说;3)当从句主语为生命性名词、宾语为非生命性名词时,主、宾语关系从句之间的加工难度差异增大;4)当从句主语和宾语之一为人称代词、另一个为普通名词时,主、宾语关系从句之间的加工难度差异消失。The paper examines the neural processing mechanism of Chinese relative clauses in an event-related potentials（ERPs） experiment, and explores the universality of processing advantage for subject relative clause. In the current experiment, temporary syntactic structural ambiguity is controlled, and animacy and referentiality of the arguments of embedded verb in clauses are regulated as well. The results demonstrates that： 1）Chinese subject relative clause is easier to process than Chinese object relative clause, and processing advantage of subject relative clause is universal in head-initial and head-final relative clauses; 2）The processing advantage of subject relative clause is attributed to fact that the syntactic structural distance between trace and moved head in subject relative clause is shorter than in object relative clause, which is in line with the Structural Distance Hypothesis;3）The processing of object relative clause is more difficult when the subject is animate and the object is inanimate in relative clause; 4）The difference in processing two relative clauses dissolves when one of the subject and object is animate noun, another is pronoun in relative clause.

关 键 词：关系从句 普遍性 生命性 指称性 汉语 ERP 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]