水稻农药施用强度及其影响因素研究——基于粮食主产区农户调研数据  

Pesticide Application Intensity by Farmers and Its Influences—Based on the Investigation Data of Farmers from Major Grain Producing Areas

作　　者：蔡书凯[1] 李靖[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学管理学院,杭州310029 [2]农业部规划设计研究院规划所,北京100125

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第11期2403-2410,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(70873108)

摘　　要：【目的】研究农民种植水稻的农药施用强度及其影响因素,为引导农民合理施用农药提供思路和实证依据。【方法】基于安徽省粮食主产区的实地调研数据,利用Tobit模型实证分析农户水稻种植农药施用强度及其影响因素。【结果】不同农户之间农药施用强度差异较大,是否雇工施药、病虫害预防措施、农药施药设备、家庭收入结构、病虫害信息服务、农民的健康意识等是影响农户农药施用强度主要因素。【结论】培育壮大社会化统防统治服务组织、健全公益性病虫害监测预警和信息传播体系、加大植保机械研发和补贴力度、发展基于病虫害控制和残留的粮食市场、扩散基于农民社区的病虫害预防措施、同时通过加强健康知识宣传普及引导农民合理施药等是降低农药施用强度的优先政策选择。【Objective】This paper is intended to study the intensity and the affecting factors of pesticide to rice planting,and to make instructions for farmer＇s future use of pesticide.【Method】Based on the data collected from 354 farmers in major grain producing areas of Anhui province,a Tobit model was used to measure the factors that may affect the use of pesticide.【Result】Pesticide application intensity has a direct relation with food production;and other factors,such as whether hired others for spraying,pest prevention,pesticide spraying equipment,household income structure,pest control,information services,health awareness of farmers and so on,also strongly influence the use of pesticide intensity.【Conclusion】 Possible policy related methods to alleviate the use of pesticide may include strengthening pest and disease monitor and information dissemination system,creation and fostering a number of social rule system service organizations,developing food market on the basis of pest control,increasing the intensity of plant protection machinery as well as subsidies of RD,proliferating community-based pest and disease prevention measures,strengthening the diffusion of pest and health knowledge.

关 键 词：水稻 农药施用强度 健康意识 农民行为 政策选择 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]