白三叶和狗牙根混播群落3年间地上生物量和种间竞争的动态  

Three year study of above-ground biomass and interspecific competition of Trifolium repens and Cynodon dactylon mixed community

作　　者：田宏[1,2] 陈明新[1,2] 蔡化[1,2] 王凤[1,2] 张鹤山[1,2] 刘洋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]湖北省动物胚胎工程及分子育种重点试验室,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期295-301,共7页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：农业部项目(070401);湖北省财政专项(200730);湖北省动物胚胎工程及分子育种重点实验室开放课题(2010ZD200~299)

摘　　要：采用2种牧草总密度保持不变而组成种比例在0～1变化的替代试验法,设白三叶100%(A)、白三叶75%+狗牙根25%(B)、白三叶50%+狗牙根50%(C)、白三叶25%+狗牙根75%(D)、狗牙根100%(E)5种处理,研究混播组合播种后3年的地上生产力和种间竞争动态。结果表明:建植第1年,3种混播组合的地上生物量高于A处理(2.078kg/m2),但不及E处理(4.406kg/m2);试验第2、第3年,混播组合的全年地上生物量均显著高于单播处理(P<0.05);连续3年的地上生物总量以C处理最高,达17.72kg/m2,与其他各处理差异显著(P<0.05);播种后3年中的各年前期,混播组合的地上生物量主体为白三叶,白三叶和狗牙根占有不同的生态位,表现出共生关系,但白三叶的竞争能力大于狗牙根;随着时间的推移,狗牙根逐渐成为地上生物量主体,2种牧草出现拮抗作用,狗牙根的竞争力大于白三叶,最终整个群落变为以狗牙根为优势种的草地。From 2005 to 2007, mixed community of white clover and bermudagrass were observed to investigate the above-ground biomass and inter-specific competition dynamics of the mix-sowed forage grasses. With the total density of the forage grasses unchanged, five seeding treatments were carried out, namely, treatment A （white clover, 100%）, treatment B （white clover, 75%; bermudagrass, 25%）, treatment C （white clover, 50%; bermudagrass, 50%）, treatment D （white clover, 25%; bermudagrass, 75%） and treatment E （bermudagrass, 100%）. The results indicated the aboveground biomass of the 3 mixture treatments （B, C and D ） were all higher than that of treatment A （2.078 kg/mZ）, but less than that of treatment E （4.406 kg/m2） in 2005 and the yields of 3 mixture treatments were all higher than that of treatments A and E in 2006 and 2007. The aboveground biomass of treatment C was the maximum （17.72 kg/m^2） and was significantly different from other treatments （P〈0.05） in 3 years. During the trial, white clover was the main grass in the early period of the each year. And in this period of time white clover and bermuda grass occupied different ecological niches and showed a symbiotic relationship with the competitive ability of white clover stronger than that of bermuda grass. Then, bermuda grass gradually became the main grass in all mixed grassland and the 2 forage grasses showed antagonistic action and the competitive ability of bermuda grass was stronger than that of white clover. At last, Bermuda grass becamethe dominant species of the mixed community.

关 键 词：白三叶 狗牙根 混播群落 地上生物量 种间竞争 

分 类 号：S541.2[农业科学—作物学] S543.9