雷击参数在线监录与SPD动态预警管理——“黑匣子”研究与应用  

On-line monitoring/record of lightning parameters and dynamic early warning management of SPD:research and application of "black box"

作　　者：包炳生 张建敏[1] 童杭伟[2] 罗毅 

机构地区：[1]浙江省大气探测技术保障中心,浙江杭州310017 [2]浙江省电力试验研究院,浙江杭州310014 [3]杭州比特信息技术有限公司,浙江杭州310007

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2011年第3期125-130,共6页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家科技部08年度国家创新基金资助项目(08C26223300748)

摘　　要：人类赖以生存的地球表面每小时约连续发生2000个雷暴。随着科学技术发展到如今的信息时代,任何场所(特别是雷电多发地区)都有可能发生雷击灾害,许多雷击事故往往是由于低压供、配电线路与信息传输线路感应传导雷电高电压引起的。尽管闪电定位系统得到了广泛的应用,雷电防护有相应的国际、国家与行业技术规范,但发生雷击事故现场仍然不能获取实质性的雷击参数,某些雷灾鉴定缺乏科学的定量数据,人们希望能有像飞机"黑匣子"那样的智能设备。所研究的"黑匣子"是一种在线监测、记录、还原雷击参数的智能仪表,对特定环境设施(如:避雷针、低压供、配电线路与信息传输线路)入侵的雷击具备在线实时监测、记录并还原雷击参数雷电流幅值、持续时间、极性(雷击电流走向)与波形的功能;且具有对在线电涌保护器(surge protective device,SPD)的动态预警管理效能。There are about 2,000 thunderstorms occurring on the earth surface every hour. With progressive step of science and technology in information age, any place （ especially lightning high-density＇ areas） can happen lightning disasters. Lightning disasters are often due to high voltage caused by lightning and conducted by low-voltage power line and information transmission line. Although lightning location systems are widely used, lightning protection has international, national, and industrial technical specifications, but we still can not get substantial lightning parame- ters when lightning disasters happen. Because lack of quantitative scientific data for lightning disaster identification, people want to have a kind of smart devices like ＂black box＂ on airplane. The ＂black box＂ researched in this paper is an intelligent instruments of on-line monitoring, recording, reducing the lightning parameters. For the specific environmental facilities （ such as lightning rod, low-voltage power lines and information transmission line）, the ＂black box＂ can supply the parameters of invasion lightning including peak value of lightning current, duration, polarity, and waveform, and has efficiency of on - line SPD （ Surge Protective Device） dynamic early warning management.

关 键 词：雷击灾害 雷击参数 黑匣子 电涌保护器 预警 研究 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P427.32