五地区阿片类物质依赖者复发特点和原因调查  

SURVEY OF RELAPSE AMONG OPIATE ADDICTS IN FIVE AREAS

作　　者：唐艳[1,2] 鲍彦平[1] 孙桂宽[1] 李晓东[3] 李卫萍[3] 杨建辉 肖早香 秦德胜 李军 沈杰 尹玲 李煜 刘志民[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所,北京100191 [2]北京市丰台区妇幼保健院,北京100067 [3]珠海瑞桦戒毒康复中心,珠海519070 [4]宜昌市强制戒毒所,宜昌443001 [5]昆明市强制戒毒所,昆明650032 [6]上海市强制戒毒所,上海200439

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2011年第3期210-215,共6页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

基　　金：十一五科技支撑计划课题(2007BAI07B04);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)课题(2009CB522007)资助

摘　　要：目的:了解我国阿片类物质依赖人群戒毒治疗后复发的一般情况和复发的影响因素,为复发的预防干预提供依据。方法:应用自行编制的《阿片类物质依赖复发情况问卷》,在调查人员指导下,对昆明、宜昌、珠海/中山、北京和上海市五地区戒毒机构收治的1085名阿片类物质依赖者进行问卷调查,问卷由被调查对象集体自行匿名填写完成。结果:回收问卷1085份,可进行统计分析的有效问卷1065份(占98.2%)。1065例调查对象的年龄35.1a±s7.1 a,滥用药物时间10.9 a±s4.4 a;经历"强制"和"劳教"的戒毒次数为4.4±s2.3次;出戒毒所后最易复发的时间段为"戒毒后的d1-5"(占40.2%);"躯体生理因素、心理因素、药物成瘾性因素和社会环境因素"等4个复发影响因子分值分别为720.8,1003.0,1019.5和1059.0;对4个因子的差异进行秩和检验,结果显示,差异具有统计学显著性(2χ=881.8,P<0.001);按照因子分排序为"社会环境因素"、"药物成瘾性因素"、"心理因素"和"躯体生理因素"。结论:阿片类药物依赖者在戒毒后复发的主要影响因素是社会环境因素,进行预防复发干预的关键时间段是"戒毒(出戒毒所)后的前5 d",提示预防复发的重要措施是在戒毒治疗后针对不同个体的具体情况,提供及时有效的社会支持和心理干预。Objective：To investigate the general situation and related factors of relapse among opiate addicts after detoxification treatment and to explore intervention methods for relapse prevention.Methods：1085 opiate addicts who had the experience of relapse after detoxification completed the＂Questionnaire on Relapse for Opiate addicts＂ in five areas of Kuming,Yichang,Zhuhai/Zhongshan,Beijing and Shanghai.Results：Among 1085 questionnaires,1065 were eligible questionnaires（98.2%）.The mean age of 1065 opiate addicts was 35.1 a±s 7.1a,and their mean time of drug abuse was 10.9 a±s 4.4 a.The most vulnerable time for relapse was within five days（40.2%） when they returned to the community after detoxification treatment.The average value of four related factors ＂physiological factor,psychological factor,pharmacological factor and social factor＂ were 720.8,1003.0,1019.5 and 1059.0,respectively,showing statistical significance（χ2=881.8,P0.001）.The social factor was the most important factor,which induced relapse after detoxification treatment among opiate addicts in five cities.Conclusion：This survey indicates that social support and psychological intervention are effective measures for preventing opiate addicts from relapse.

关 键 词：阿片类物质依赖 复发 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R595.5[医药卫生—内科学]