洞庭湖湿地生态系统管理面临的威胁及应对策略初探  

THREATS AND CHALLENGES FACED BY ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF DONGTING LAKE WETLAND

作　　者：潘明麒[1,2,3] 于秀波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所,北京100190 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第6期729-735,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目"中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全"(2009CB421106);WWF(世界自然基金会)国际合作项目"洞庭湖湿地生态系统评估与管理研究"(CN0088.03-YB02/03/04)

摘　　要：生态系统管理可以实现自然资源的多目标管理。洞庭湖湿地生态系统优越,区域内社会经济发达,但面临保护与发展的双重压力。其中,开展洞庭湖区湿地生态系统管理面临众多威胁,包括自然灾害频发、资源利用不当、工农业污染突出、自然保护能力不足以及季节性缺水等新老问题交织在一起,共同导致了洞庭湖湿地生态系统功能降低,包括生物多样性降低、调蓄能力减弱、洪渍涝灾害加剧、地下水位升高、垸老田低等现象日益突出,而且这种人类不合理活动的后效放大驱动将长期存在,危及到了湖区水产养殖的自然增殖以及自然资源基础的安全性,成为湖区社会经济发展的严重制约因素。为此,建议在遵循生态系统方法的前提下,洞庭湖地区应该加强管理体制机制创新实践,加快湿地保护的立法与执法进程,通过编制洞庭湖区中长期发展总体规划,促进各种利益相关方参与和共管洞庭湖湿地退田还湖等生态恢复工程的巩固、湿地资源合理利用、湿地产业的开发以及湖区湿地生态与环境建设,最终实现湖区生态美好、民生改善的"人地和谐"。Ecosystem management can help achieve diverse objectives in natural resources management.The paper believes that although Dongting Lake features a superior wetland ecosystem and advanced socio-economic development in the region,it is also confronted with the challenge of balancing environmental protection and economic development.In terms of wetland ecosystem management,Dongting Lake faces many threats,including frequent occurrence of natural disasters,unwise use of resources,severe agricultural and industrial pollutions,poor ability in nature conservation,and seasonal water scarcity.All these problems,both old and new,reduce the ecosystem functions of the lakes,leading to decreased biodiversity,reduced capability of flood control,exacerbated floods and water logging,increased underground water level,and low-lying polders.The impact of these unsustainable human activities will persist,posing a major risk to the natural growth of aquaculture industry and to the safety of natural resources,and severely constraining the socio-economic development in the lake area.For this reason,it is recommended that the lake area should,on the basis of following ecosystem approach,strengthen innovation and practice on ecosystem management system,and speed up the process of formulating and implementation regulations on wetland conservation.Great efforts should also be made to develop mid-and-long-term overall plan in Dongting Lake,and engage different stakeholders in further carrying out the projects such as returning cropland to lake,wise use of wetland resources,development of wetland-based and flood-adaptive industries,and environmental protection of the lake area,with an ultimate goal of achieving ＇harmonious development between human beings and nature＇ in and around Dongting Lake.

关 键 词：洞庭湖湿地 生态系统管理 合理利用 威胁 策略 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]