贵阳市中心城区土壤重金属污染现状及其评价  

Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Assessment in Urban Soil of Guiyang City

作　　者：余菲[1] 肖玲[1] 康苗苗[1] 纪芙蓉[1] 朱艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062

出　　处：《城市环境与城市生态》2011年第3期5-8,共4页Urban Environment & Urban Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3937055;39670586);陕西省软科学项目(2003KR02)

摘　　要：以贵阳市中心城区五大功能区(工业区、商业区、行政区、文教区、居民区)的土壤为对象,研究土壤中重金属(Hg、As、Cu、Cr和Zn)污染的特征,采用单因子污染指数和内梅罗(N.L.Neiow)综合污染指数法对土壤重金属污染现状进行了检测与初步评价,Hakanson潜在生态危害指数评价法评价了土壤重金属的潜在生态危害,其结果表明:贵阳市中心城区土壤重金属含量差异较大,工业区各重金属污染元素的含量相对较高,商业区各重金属污染元素的含量相对较低,各功能区Zn的含量最高,Hg的含量最低。土壤重金属多因子综合污染指数为1.95,处于轻度污染状态,以居民区的污染指数最高,污染程度最为严重,文教区污染最轻,处于警戒状态,其余3个功能区均处于轻度污染水平。从单因子污染指数来看,工业区、商业区、行政区的土壤重金属污染主要以As为主,居民区的土壤重金属污染以Hg为主,而文教区土壤中各重金属尚未达到污染级别。土壤中重金属存在强度生态危害,其潜在生态危害综合指数为RI=148.01,潜在生态危害的重金属主要是Hg,居民区土壤重金属污染生态危害程度最强。At the five functional areas in Guiyang City,namely,industrial,commercial,administrative,cultural and educational as well as residential areas,the heavy metal pollution in soil was tested and evaluated with the pollution index method.The potential ecological hazard from the heavy metal pollution was assessed with potential ecological hazard index method by Hakanson.The result indicated that the contents of heavy metals in soil in the central city were quite different,the contents of heavy metals in the industrial area were relatively high,and in the commercial area were relatively low.Comprehensive pollution index with the value of 1.95 indicated the soil was lightly polluted by heavy metals;the residential area with the highest value was seriously polluted,the cultural and educational area with the lowest value was on alert;the other three functional areas were lightly polluted.From the single pollution index,the industrial,commercial,and administrative areas were mainly As-based,the residential area was mainly Hg-based,while heavy metal pollution in soil in the cultural and educational area was lower than the stipulated pollution level.Ecological risk index with the value of 148.01 showed that Hg was the main factor to cause potential ecological hazard,and the residential area had the highest ecological hazard.

关 键 词：重金属污染 城市土壤 功能区 土壤环境质量评价 潜在生态危害 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]