六盘水地区4种典型森林类型凋落物的水文特性  

Study on Hydrological Characteristics of 4 Typical Forest Litters in Liupanshui District

作　　者：潘明亮[1] 丁访军 谭伟[1] 戴全厚[1] 朱军 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2011年第5期183-186,190,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家林业局公益专项子项目"西南地区森林净生产力多尺度长期观测与评价研究"(200704005/WB03;200804006/RHH04)

摘　　要：为给林业部门营造生态公益林树种的筛选提供理论依据,通过对六盘水地区4种典型森林类型光皮桦(Betula luminifera H.Wilk.)林、柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk ex Otto et Dietr)林、华山松(Pinus armandii Franch)林和杉木〔Cunninghamia lanceilata(Lamb.)Hook.〕林凋落物蓄积量的野外调查和凋落物水文特性的室内分析,揭示了不同林型的凋落物水文特性功能。结果表明:各林分枯(凋)落物蓄积量最大的为华山松林,达8.01 t/hm2,最小的为柳杉林,仅2.65 t/hm2。不同林分枯落物的最大持水量和最大持水率差异较大,分别表现为华山松林(16.17 t/hm2)>光皮桦林(12.36 t/hm2)>杉木林(7.82 t/hm2)>柳杉林(6.55 t/hm2)和柳杉林(344.68%)>光皮桦林(330.46%)>杉木林(322.91%)>华山松林(297.81%)。在浸水24 h内,不同林分枯落物的持水量与浸水时间成显著正相关关系,持水速率与浸水时间成负相关关系。持水速率在0.5 h前下降达到最高,在前2 h下降较为明显,在2 h以后下降幅度减小,逐渐趋于稳定。Litters accumulation amount and hydrological characteristics of 4 forest stand type Betula lumini f era , Cryptornehia fortune, Pinus armandii , and Cunninghamia lanceilata in Liupanshui district were investigated in field and analyzed in lab to provide basis for tree species selection of non-industrial ecological forest. The results showed that forest of P. armandii had the highest litters accumulation with 8.01 t/hm2, while forest of C. fortune was the smallest （2. 65 t/hm2）. There were big differences of maximum water holding capacity and maximum water holding rate, P. armandii （16. 17 t/hm2） 〉B. luminifera（12.36 t/hm2） 〉 C. lanceilata （7. 82 t/hm2） 〉 C. fortune （6.55 t/hm2） in maximum water holding capacity, and C. fortune（344.68%） 〉 B. lumini f era （330.46%） ℃. anceilata （322.91%）〉 P. armandii （297.81%） in maximum water holding rate. Water holding capacity positively correlated with soaking time, while water holding speed negatively correlated with soaking time for different forest stand litters when soaked in water within 24 hours. Water holding speed rapidly decreased before 0. 5 h, and obviously decreased before 2 hrs, slow down after 2 hrs, and become stable gradually.

关 键 词：森林凋落物 水文特性 六盘水地区 

分 类 号：S761.9[农业科学—森林保护学]