漳河灌区不同阶段土壤侵蚀及氮磷流失量研究  

Soil Erosion and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss at Different Stages of Zhanghe Irrigation Area

作　　者：余金凤[1,2] 洪林[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]广西水利水电职业技术学院,广西南宁530023

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2011年第6期13-15,69,共3页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(50639040);教育部科学研究重大项目(308017);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2005ABA290)

摘　　要：土壤氮磷流失是污染生态环境和困扰农业生产发展的一个重要问题。针对湖北省漳河灌区的土壤特征和土地利用方式,应用RUSLE模型计算了灌区1952—2010年共4个阶段的土壤侵蚀量及氮磷流失量,结果表明:灌区开灌后土壤侵蚀量由第一阶段的1026375t/a增加到第四阶段的1978054t/a;氮、磷流失模数由9.53kg/(hm2.a)和11.91kg/(hm2.a)分别增加至13.03kg/(hm2.a)和16.29kg/(hm2.a),总体均呈现逐渐增加的趋势。这说明灌区土地利用变化等对土壤流失和氮磷流失具有一定的影响,加强灌区土地利用管理和施肥管理,对于减轻土壤侵蚀和减少农业非点源污染有着重要的意义。The nitrogen and phosphorus loss of soil is of an important issue for polluting ecological environment and troubling the production and development of agriculture.The paper calculates the quantities of soil erosion and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in four stages during 1952 to 2010 by using RUSLE model based on the characteristics of soil and the ways of land use of Zhanghe Irrigation Area in Hubei Province.The outcomes show that: a) the soil erosion increases from 1 026 375 t/a of the first stage to 1 978 054 t/a of the fourth stage after irrigation and;b) the modulus of nitrogen and phosphorus loss increase from 9.53 kg/(hm2·a) and 11.91 kg/(hm2·a) to 13.03 kg/(hm2·a) and 16.29 kg/(hm2·a) respectively,showing the tendency of gradual increase.It shows the variation of land use of the irrigation area has a certain influence to soil loss and nitrogen and phosphorus loss.Strengthening the management of land use and fertilizer application of the irrigation area has an important significance for lightening soil erosion and reducing non-point source pollution of agriculture.

关 键 词：RUSLE模型 土壤侵蚀 氮磷流失 漳河灌区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]