苹果绿色果实的光合生理特性  

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Green Apple Fruits

作　　者：孙山[1,2] 张立涛[2] 高辉远[2] 束怀瑞[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018

出　　处：《林业科学》2011年第4期33-37,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30671451;30571125);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2009CB118505)

摘　　要：以着色前的新红星果实为材料,采用液相氧电极和光谱仪对不同部位离体果皮圆片的光合放氧速率以及绿色果皮光合色素含量和光合能力随果实发育的变化进行研究。结果表明:阳面果皮的光合放氧速率明显大于阴面果皮。纵向比较可知:萼端部位果皮的光合放氧速率最大,果肩部位果皮的光合放氧速率最小,阳面中部果皮的光合放氧速率与纵向平均值接近,具有较好的代表性。随着果实发育,苹果绿色果皮的光合速率和单位面积果皮中的叶绿素含量显著下降,但类胡萝卜素含量与叶绿素含量的比值则逐渐增加。苹果绿色果实发育的中后期,随着果皮光合功能的下降,果皮中叶绿素也显著降解可以减少果皮对光能的吸收,减轻果皮的光抑制,这可能是苹果果实对光环境的一种适应机制。In order to study the photosynthetic characteristics of green apple fruit,photosynthesis in different position of apple fruits and the dynamic variation of photosynthetic capacity as well as pigment contents in Starkrimson fruit peel were investigated at different development stages using Oxygen Electrode System and Spectral Analysis System.The result showed that photosynthetic rate in sun-exposed peel was higher than that in peel on shaded side.In longitudinal direction,the photosynthetic rate of sun-exposed peel gradually decreased from calyx-end peel to stalk cavity.The sun-exposed peel at the middle part of a fruit had an average photosynthesis along the longitudinal direction,which could be used as the representative photosynthesis of an apple fruit.With development of an apple fruit,photosynthetic O2 evolution rate gradually declined,and chlorophyll content remarkably decreased,but the ratio of carotenoids /chlorophyll increased.At the late stage of green fruit development,the reduced chlorophyll content could decline the absorbed light energy,mitigating photoinhibition of apple fruit peel when the photosynthetic ability decreased greatly,which might be an adaptive mechanism of apple fruits in light environment.

关 键 词：苹果 绿色果皮 光合作用 叶绿素 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]