明代皇后入祀奉先殿相关问题考论  

Research on Enshrinement of The Deceased Empresses in Hall for Ancestry Worship (Fengxian Dian) in The Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2011年第3期138-147,162,共10页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助(项目编号:09SSXT111)

摘　　要：明代奉先殿供奉本朝帝后,奉先殿之祭是重要的皇家祭祖活动。学界普遍认为以孝宗生母孝穆纪氏为代表的赠后、继后始终未得入祀奉先殿,皇帝在宫内设置奉慈、弘孝等庶后祭殿成制。作者研究证明,奉先殿唯以嫡后入祀之制在晚明被打破,赠后、继后皆得入祀奉先殿,然赠后、继后在忌辰致祭与祧迁环节所享礼遇,仍然与嫡后相区别,这使得关涉皇后入祀奉先殿的制度变革在孝亲观念与礼法传统间形成某种平衡。晚明奉先殿之祭在一定程度上统合了庶后祭殿的功能,又始终保持了与太庙祭祀系统的基本一致性,以为立殿之本。Since only the deceased emperors and the first empresses of any dynasties were entitled to be enshrined in the Hall for Ancestry Worship (Fengxian Dian) inside the Forbidden Palace in the Ming dynasty, offering sacrifices to the imperial ancestors was held here as one important occasion. It is commonly thought that successive empresses including Empress Ji who was Emperor Hongzhi’s ( 弘治 ) mother were never enshrined inside here but in other halls like Hall for Worshiping Compassion (Fengci Dian), Hall of Filial Piety (Hongxiao Dian). However, this articleviews that such institution was carried out until the late Ming dynasty, when memorial tablets of successive empresses were approved to be placed in Hall for Ancestry Worship (Fengxian Dian)with the lower treatment than the first empresses in rituals of death anniversary and removal from the Hall when memorial tablets were full. The institutional changes resulted in a balance between the enshrinement of successive empresses and ritual traditions. By the late Ming dynasty Hall for Ancestry Worship (Fengxian Dian) worked primarily for worshipping ancestors of both the first and the successive empresses by following the same system all the way as the Imperial Ancestral Templedid.

关 键 词：明代 奉先殿 奉慈殿 皇后 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]