PVA/接枝改性淀粉热塑性生物降解材料的制备及应用  

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF PVA/GRAFTED STARCH BIODEGRADABLE THERMOPLASTIC

作　　者：周向阳[1] 贾德民[2] 崔跃飞[2] 严志云[1] 

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院高分子材料研究所,广州510225 [2]华南理工大学材料学院,广州510641

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2011年第6期53-56,共4页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：广东省高等学校科技创新重点项目(cxzd1024);仲恺农业工程学院自然科学基金项目(G3100043)

摘　　要：以过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用固相法合成了乙酸乙烯酯(VAC)/玉米淀粉接枝共聚物。将其与聚乙烯醇(PVA)、加工助剂在流变仪中共混,制备了PVA/接枝改性淀粉热塑性生物降解材料;分别研究了淀粉接枝共聚物对PVA/淀粉/接枝改性淀粉共混物的加工流动性、耐水性、力学性能和生物降解性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明,PVA/淀粉/接枝改性淀粉共混物界面相容性得到改善,其加工流动性、耐水性、力学性能和生物降解性能得到一定程度的提高,相对湿度50%时其拉伸强度达到6.85 MPa,断裂伸长率275%,生物降解80 d后质量损失率为50.3%。PVA/淀粉/接枝改性淀粉共混物制备的膜制品和一次性餐具性能优良,具有广阔的应用前景。The graft copolymer of corn starch and vinyl acetate （VAC） （starch-g-VAC） was synthesized by using ammonium persulfate as initiator via solid phase graft eopolymerization. Starch-g-VAC, PVA and processing additives were blended in Haake rheometer to prepare the thermoplastic PVA/stareh-g-VAC biodegradable. The processing properties, water resisting properties, meehanieal properties and biodegradation properties were studied respectively. Results showed that starch-g-VAC improved the interface compatibility of the PVA/starch/starch-g-VAC blends. The blends exhibited better processing properties, water resisting properties, mechanical properties and biodegradation properties. The tensile strength and elongation at break strain was 6.85 MPa and 275% respectively when relative humidity reached 50%. After 80 days biodegradation, the weight loss percentage of the blends was 50.3%. The films and disposable tableware prepared by the PVA/stareh/starch-g-VAC blends had many excellent traits, inducing its potential extensive applications in the biodegradable materials area.

关 键 词：淀粉接枝共聚物 乙酸乙烯酯 聚乙烯醇 热塑性加工 

分 类 号：TQ324.9[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]