木薯发展史初论  

A Preliminary Discussion on History of Cassava's Development

作　　者：张箭[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《中国农史》2011年第2期19-30,共12页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：教育部社科基金年度项目"新大陆农作物在世界;中国的传播和意义"(07JA770005)

摘　　要：木薯是三大薯类(甘薯、马铃薯、木薯)作物之一。木薯起源于亚马孙河流域南部边缘地区。人类对它已有至少四千多年的食用史和三千多年的栽培史了。到地理大发现开始前,木薯的栽培食用已遍及南美洲、中美洲、加勒比地区和北美洲南端。旧大陆的粮食作物传入新大陆后,木薯仍是南美洲下层人民的主粮。16世纪木薯传入非洲,以后逐步传开;19世纪木薯开始传入大洋洲各岛。在东方,16世纪木薯传入南亚,17世纪木薯从美洲直接传入东南亚,至19世纪方传开。19世纪初木薯栽培传入中国,它首先传入广东,19世纪末传入台湾,民国时期传入福建。今天,世界上有七分之一的人以木薯为主粮。随着石油、天然气的日益短缺和人口增长耕地减少,高产作物木薯的作用将越发重要。Cassava is one of the three great tuber crops（potato,sweet potato）.Cassava originates from the southern borders of the Amazon River valley.The humanity has got a history of eating it for more than 4000 years and a history of growing it for more than 3000 years at least.On the eve of the Great Geographical Discoveries,the plantation and cultivation of cassava extended all over South America,Meso America,Caribbean region and the southern borders of North America.Cassava remained staple food grain for the lower people of South America after the grain crops in the old continent were introduced into the new continent.The plantation of cassava was spread into Africa in 16th century and disseminated gradually afterwards;Cassava began to spread into the various islands of Oceania in 19th century.In the East,the cassava spread into the South Asia in 16th century,and into the south-east Asia directly from the Americas in 17th century,disseminating till 19th century only.The growth of cassava was introduced into China at the beginning of 19th century.It spread into Guangdong first,into Taiwan at the end of 19th century,and into Fujian during the Republic of China.Today,the population of seventh in the world eat it as staple food grain.The role of cassava as a high yield crop will become more and more important along with the shortage of petroleum and gas as well as the increase of population and decrease of farmland day by day.

关 键 词：木薯 起源 栽培史 传播史 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K235[历史地理—历史学]