烟台套子湾缘管浒苔绿潮成因及其对环境的影响  

Likely causes of Enteromorpha linza green tide and its effect on the environmental factors in Yantai Cop Bay

作　　者：宋秀凯[1,2] 孙国华[1,2] 张秀珍[1,2] 马元庆[1,2] 任利华[1,2] 姜向阳[1,2] 王文杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋水产研究所,山东烟台264006 [2]山东省海洋环境监测中心,山东烟台264006

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2011年第3期151-156,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助项目(200805031)

摘　　要：2009年5—7月,对烟台套子湾缘管浒苔绿潮发生海域进行6个航次监测,同时监测了6个主要陆源入海口。结果表明:缘管浒苔生物量与无机氮含量极显著正相关(r=0.928,p<0.01),与活性磷酸盐含量显著正相关(r=0.888,p<0.05)。无机氮、活性磷酸盐和COD在绿潮生长期间经历了快速下降和缓慢回升过程,硅酸盐则一直缓慢增加,pH值基本维持在8.1。缘管浒苔大量消耗营养盐,特别是在过量繁殖时期,海区营养盐大幅下降,呈贫营养化状态。此外,藻体过量繁殖抑制了浮游植物生长,叶绿素a明显偏低。藻体死亡后,异养细菌数量急剧增加。通过调查发现,适宜水文气象条件及陆源入海口附近较高的营养盐含量是缘管浒苔过量繁殖形成绿潮的重要诱因;优良的固着场所和多样化繁殖方式也为其过量增殖提供了必要条件。加强监测,及时打捞和采取科学合理的应对措施将有效抑制绿潮带来的危害。Six cruises and monitoring tours of six major land-based sewage discharges were conducted in＇ Cop Bay, Yantai, from May 2009 to July 2009, when the green tide of Enteromorpha linza bloomed. The results showed that the biomass of E. linza was positively correlated with the inorganic nitrogen concentration（ r = 0.928, p 〈 0.01 ） and phosphate concentration（ r = 0. 888, p 〈 0.05）. During the green tide of E. linza, the inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and COD declined quickly and then slowly increased, while silicate slowly increased and pH maintain about 8.1. Nutrients were greatly consumed by the growth of E. linza and the sea areas were logographic particularly during the mass propagation stage of E. linza, Moreover, the mass propagation of E. linza restricted the growth of phytoplankton, and the concentration of chlorophyll a was lower. Nevertheless, after the death of E. linza, heterotrophic bacteria greatly increase. It was found that proper hydrological conditions, meteorological conditions and high nutrient concentrations near the sewage discharges were the important reasons for the green tide of E. linza. Available fixed sites and reproduction diversification of E. linza were the necessary condition for the bloom of E. lima. Strengthening monitoring, timely refloatation and scientific and rational response were recommended to reduce the harmful effect of the green tide E. linza.

关 键 词：环境学 缘管浒苔 绿潮 成因 环境因子 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]