初次分配中的劳动份额:变化趋势与要素贡献  

Lobor Income Share of the Primary Distrbution

作　　者：常进雄[1] 王丹枫[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《统计研究》2011年第5期58-64,共7页Statistical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(批准号:09CJY027);上海市教育委员会科研创新重点项目(批准号:11ZS69);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"初次分配中的劳动份额:理论;实证与政策"(批准号:10YJC790224);上海财经大学‘211工程’三期重点学科建设项目;上海市重点学科建设项目(项目编号:B801)

摘　　要：本文运用1998年至2009年我国A股上市公司的数据对劳动份额进行了实证研究,通过运用生产函数估计了劳动对产出的贡献,并采用系统GMM方法分析了劳动份额偏离劳动贡献的原因。本文发现劳动份额偏低,且先下降后上升,逆经济周期变化趋势比较明显。从生产函数的估计结果来看,劳动者所得低于其对产出的贡献,在企业的初次分配中存在着对劳动者不公的现象;通过考察劳动对产出贡献的变化趋势,我们发现,劳动对产出的贡献在逐渐上升,虽然进一步拉大了与劳动份额的差距,但是对后期劳动份额的提高也起了正面作用。进一步的分析表明,产品市场的竞争程度、劳动者的谈判能力以及经济波动是导致劳动份额偏离劳动贡献的重要因素。Based on the Chinese A-share listed companies＇ database from 1998 to 2009,we study the labor income share of the national income＇s primary distribution empirically.We investigate the contribution of labor to output by estimating the production function and analysis the reason of the labor income share＇s deviation from the labor contribution further using the system GMM method.We find the labor income share of the primary distribution is on the low side and present the U-shape trend which is more remarkable against the economic cycle.From the estimated results of the production function,the labor income share owned by labor is well lower than their contribution to output which is unfair to the labor in the companies＇ primary distribution.According to the trend of labor contribution to output,it is increasing gradually.Although this expand the disparity from the labor income share,but it also plays a positive role in raising the labor income share later.Further analysis show that the degree of competition in product markets,the bargaining power of labors and economic fluctuations are important factors which caused the deviation between labor income share and labor contribution.

关 键 词：初次分配 劳动份额 要素贡献 

分 类 号：F222[经济管理—国民经济]