边际效用论之我见  

My Views Conserning Marginal Utility

作　　者：王海明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第2期1-11,共11页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金："北京大学创建世界一流大学计划"经费资助

摘　　要：边际效用论无疑是一种划时代的经济理论。这种理论的最直接的意义,乃在于科学地破解了困惑经济学家两千余年的"价值反论"。因为边际效用论发现,单位商品使用价值是商品的边际效用,是商品的最后单位增量的效用;商品的边际效用随着该商品的增多而递减,因而单位商品使用价值便随着该商品的增多而递减。这样一来,钻石交换价值大,决不是因其效用和使用价值小;恰恰相反,钻石交换价值大,只是因其数量小,因而边际效用大,从而使用价值大。水交换价值小,决不是因其效用大,而是因其数量多,因而边际效用小,从而使用价值小。因此,交换价值与使用价值成正比:价值反论不能成立。Marginal utility theory is undoubtedly an epoch-making economic theory.Its direct theoretic significance is that it solved the ＂paradox of value＂ which has puzzled economists for over two thousand years.Because the theory reveals that the use value in a unit of commodity is the marginal utility of the commodity,which means the utility of the last unit increment of the commodity;the marginal utility of the commodity decreases with an increase of the commodity,with the result the use value per unit of each commodity decreases as the commodity increases.So the diamond exchange-value is great not because of its low utility and use value,but,on the contrary,because of its small number and high marginal utility,then the use-value is high.Exchange value of water is small,not because of its large utility,but of its large quantity,then,the marginal utility is small,so is the use value.Therefore,the exchange value is directly proportional to the use value： the paradox of value can not be justified.

关 键 词：边际效用 主观主义价值论 价值反论 交换价值 使用价值 

分 类 号：B152[哲学宗教—世界哲学]