滇西北松口蘑菌塘的生态因子调查  

Ecological Factors Associated with Tricholoma matsutake Shiroes in Northwest Yunnan Province

作　　者：孟珍贵[1] 李永[1] 赵琪[1] 张灵[1] 苏云霞[1] 李荣春[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2011年第1期12-17,共6页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：云南省科技厅国际合作暨科技兴贸项目(编号:2006GH06)的部分研究内容

摘　　要：以滇西北丽江市拉市乡松口蘑（Tricholoma matsutake）产地为例,进行了松口蘑菌塘生态因子的调查。结果发现：（1）松口蘑菌塘多集群分布于狭窄的山脊及西南坡,坡面坡度在30~60°之间,上层云南松荫蔽度0.4~0.6,下层高山栎、黄背栎等灌木丛荫蔽度达0.7~0.9,落叶层及腐质层1~6 cm;（2）出菇期间菌塘地表附近空气的平均温度14.1℃,平均相对湿度78.7%;（3）出菇期间菌塘的地下温度在15.0~20.5℃之间,西南坡的菌塘温度相对较高;（4）菌塘土壤的含水量比非菌塘土壤的含水量低,出菇期间平均低16.7%;（5）菌塘土pH约为5.5,比非菌塘土低7.9%;（6）菌塘土除全钾的含量比非菌塘土高之外,其余营养成分均比非菌塘的低。Ecological factors associated with Tricholoma matsutake shiroes（large contiguous areas of fungal mycelium growing on or under the surface of the soil） located in a mountainous area in Lashi,Lijiang,northwestern Yunnan Province,China,were investigated.Our data indicated that T.matsutake shiroes are usually distributed in clusters on the narrow mountain ridges and southern slopes（with a 30-60° incline）,where the shading rates provided by the upper pine tree and the lower oak bush cover vary between 0.4-0.6 and 0.7-0.9,respectively,and where the layer of fallen leaves and humus is between one to six cm thick.During fruiting,the average temperature and relative humidity above the shiroes was 14.1 ℃ and 78.7%,respectively.Temperatures recorded in the shiro soils ranged between 15.0-20.5 ℃,and were higher in the soil on southwestern slopes compared with other slopes.The moisture content and pH value（5.5） was 16.7% and 7.9% lower,respectively in shiro soil compared with adjacent non-shiro soil.The amounts of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,total phosphate,available phosphate,available potassium and organic carbon were lower in a shiro soil sample compared with adjacent non-shiro soil,although total potassium levels at lower soil depths were higher in the shiro soil.

关 键 词：滇西北 松口蘑(松茸) 菌塘 生境 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]