西安市雁塔区冬季可吸入颗粒物时空变化研究  

Vertical and temporal variation of PM_(10) in Yanta District,Xi'an during winter

作　　者：穆珍珍[1] 赵景波[1] 徐娜[1] 姚兰[1] 李雨霞[1] 孟静静[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2011年第7期1509-1516,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家大学生创新性实验计划项目(No.091071813);国家科技部科技支撑项目(No.2007BAC30B01)~~

摘　　要：为了查明西安市雁塔文教区冬季可吸入颗粒物在高度上的变化特征,以及各高度处质量浓度随时间的变化情况,于2010年1月22日至29日对雁塔区陕西师范大学家属区内的4座高层楼进行了6d的PM10质量浓度监测.结果表明:西安市南郊环境较好的文教区冬季可吸入颗粒物在1m、45～57m高度处的浓度值较低,1m处的浓度变化范围为0.005～0.080mg·m-3,平均为0.037mg·m-3,45～57m高度处的浓度变化范围为0～0.095mg·m-3,平均为0.038mg·m-3;3～27m处的浓度较高,变化范围为0.030～0.180mg·m-3,平均为0.076mg·m-3;PM10质量浓度随时间的日变化特征呈现双峰型,即上午和夜间的浓度较高而下午较低,这一变化规律受大气稳定度、污染源等的影响.温度与6～27m处PM10质量浓度显著负相关.西安市雁塔文教区冬季PM10浓度随高度的增加呈先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势,这与以往的认识有所不同,表明空气粉尘浓度变化较为复杂,需要进行深入研究.在观测时段内,1～81m处的PM10浓度较低,空气质量良好,仅就PM10浓度而言,污染较轻,但要准确全面地评价,还需要进行逐日的PM10监测及对SO2和NOx浓度的监测.In order to ascertain vertical and temporal variation characteristics of the thoracic fraction of particulate matter（PM10） in a cultural and educational area of Yanta District,Xi＇an during winter,we observed the PM10 mass concentration for six days from different heights on four buildings in Shaanxi Normal University from January 22 to January 29,2010.The results showed that PM10 concentrations were lowest at ground level（1 m） and 45~54 m.Concentrations at ground level ranged from 0.005 mg · m-3 to 0.080 mg · m-3 with an average of 0.037 mg · m-3;and concentrations at 45~54 meters ranged from undetectable to 0.005 mg · m-3 with an average of 0.038 mg · m-3.The concentrations of PM10 were highest at 3~27 m,where they ranged from 0.030 mg · m-3 to 0.180 mg · m-3 and had an average of 0.076 mg · m-3.Concentrations varied temporally and peaked in the morning and at night throughout a 24h cycle.Concentrations were lowest in the afternoon.Variations were affected by atmospheric stability,pollution sources,etc.Temperature and PM10 was negatively correlated at 6~27 m.With increasing height up to 81 m,the concentration of PM10 increased,then decreased,and finally increased.Temporal and vertical variations at dusk were complex and need further study.Concentrations at 1~81 meters were low during the study period,therefore,pollution was moderate.Environmental quality can be well and truly evaluated by monitoring PM10 and SO2 and NOx every day.

关 键 词：可吸入颗粒物 垂直变化 昼夜变化 污染等级 影响因素 西安南郊文教区 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]