浙江沿海地区蛇咬伤流行病学及防治对策研究  

Epidemiology and prevention and treatment strategies of snake bite in coastal areas of Zhejiang

作　　者：王永高[1] 毛建芬[1] 金礼通[1] 曹朝梁 黄永祥[1] 吴立群[1] 谢杰[1] 潘巧玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]台州市中心医院急诊科,浙江台州318000

出　　处：《中国急救医学》2011年第6期541-544,共4页Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查浙江东部沿海地区蛇咬伤的流行病学情况，以指导毒蛇伤害的预防和治疗对策。方法2007-11～2010—10台州市中心医院急诊科共收治208例蛇咬伤患者，实施蛇伤程序化救治流程的152例进行总结。结果浙江沿海地区蛇咬伤有其特有的流行病学特点。蛇咬伤分类：蝮蛇36．8％（56／152）、眼镜蛇23．0％（35／152）和五步蛇13．2％（20／152）占多数，不明蛇咬伤7．2％（11／152）、游蛇科13．8％（21／152）、无毒蛇8．6％（13／152）。蛇咬伤发生率大致分为高发、偶发、少见及无地域分布四类；蛇咬伤多发生在中部平原和南部山区；蛇咬伤集中发生夏秋季（5～10月份），占94．7％（144／152），其中6、7月份为高峰期，占55．3％（84／152）。蛇咬伤后就诊时间越晚，重型、危重型患者发生率越高。结论浙江东部沿海地区为蛇咬伤高发区，有季节性、地域性等流行病学特点，可以针对性地进行蛇咬伤防治对策，做好抗蛇毒血清的药品储备，从而降低蛇咬伤危害性。Objective To study the epidemiology of snake bite in Taizhou, eastern coastal areas of Zhejiang province in order to guide prevention and treatment of the snake injury. Methods 208 patients with snake bite were treated in emergency department of our hospital from November 2007 to October 2010. 152 patients who were carried out the procedural treatment processes of snake bite were reviewed. Results The snake bites had its own unique epidemiological features in coastal areas of Zhejiang. Snake bite category： agkistrodon was 36.8% （56/152）, cobra 23.0% （35/152）, acutus 13.2% （20/152） and unknown snake bites 7.2% （ 11/152）, colubridae 13.8% （21/152）, non - toxic snakes 8.6% （13/152）. The incidences of snake bite in Taizhou were divided into high, occasional, rare, non - geographical distribution of four categories, snake bites occurred in the central plains and southern mountains. Snake bites concentrated in summer and autumn （ May - October）, accounting for 94.7% （ 144/152）, especially in June and July, accounting for 55.3% （84/152）. The time delay of snake bite treatment could lead to the higher incidence of severe type. Conclusion Coastal areas of Zhejiang is high - risk areas of snake bites, and had seasonal, geographical and other epidemiological characteristics, which can be targeted as prevention and treatment measures for reducing snake bite.

关 键 词：蛇咬伤 毒蛇 诊断标准 游蛇科 抗蛇毒血清 流行病学 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]