黑颈鹤在新疆罗布泊和昆仑山分布及种群状况  

Distribution and Population State of Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis in Lop Nur and Kunlun Mts.,Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：马鸣[1] 李维东 张会斌 张翔 袁国映 陈莹[1] 袁磊 丁鹏[1] 张宇 程芸 萨根古丽 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆环境科学院,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区管理局,库尔勒841000 [4]新疆罗布泊野骆驼保护区管理局,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2011年第3期64-68,共5页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目“中国重要生物物种资源监测和保育关键技术与应用示范”(No.2008BAC39B04);国家自然科学基金项目(No.30470262,30970340)

摘　　要：黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)俗称"吐尔那",在新疆罕见,主要分布在与西藏和青海接壤的阿尔金山、昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山区。作者1985～2010年间在若羌(祁曼塔格、东昆仑山、阿尔金山)、且末(吐拉牧场、车尔臣河流域)、和田(阿克赛钦湖)、墨玉、皮山(喀拉喀什河流域)、叶城(叶尔羌河流域)等地记录到黑颈鹤。采用直接计数法和问卷调查法,2003年秋季在阿尔金山保护区统计到约137只的迁徙集群,全疆种群数量估计180～220只。2010年5月18日,在罗布泊洼地(N 40°19',E 91°58',海拔790 m)首次记录到黑颈鹤栖息,这可能是目前黑颈鹤分布的最北端,也是海拔最低和极端干旱区域的一个纪录。历史上是否有分布,尚不得而知。这意味着,对这一青藏高原特有物种生存领地的认识向北扩展了2～3个纬度。本文对以往的记录提出质疑。The Black-necked Crane（Grus nigricollis）,local name is Tu-er-na,mainly distributes on the border of Tibet and Qinghai,which belongs to Altun and Kunlun Mountains,and hardly recorded in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The authors have observed Black-necked Crane in Ruoqiang County（Qimantag,E Kunlun Mts.,and Altun Mts.）,Qarqan County（Tula Wetlands,Qarqan River）,Hotan County（Aksayqin Lake）,Moyu County,Pishan County（Karakax River）,Yecheng County（Yarkant River） in 1985 to 2010.By direct counting and the questionnaire survey,we estimated the population size 180-220 individuals in Xinjiang.In the Altun Mts.Nature Reserve,137 cranes,the largest population were recorded in the autumn migration season,2003.The most recently record of Black-necked Crane was in the Lop Nur（N 40°19′,E 91°58′,alt.790 m） on May 18th,2010.The Lop Nur would be the northernmost distribution location with lowest latitude and extreme arid environment.This record has extended the distribution region of this typical Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau species northwards at 2°-3° latitudes.Whether the Black-necked Crane has historically distributed in the Lop Nur is unknown.The authors doubt the truth of the records on Black-necked Crane in several locations,Xinjiang in 1980s and 1990s.

关 键 词：黑颈鹤 分布 种群数量 昆仑山 罗布泊 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]