珠海淇澳岛红树林蟹类区系  

The crab fauna in the mangrove of the Qi'Ao Island,Zhuhai

作　　者：黄建荣[1] 刘启智[1] 赵一臣[1] 窦碧霞[1] 李连春[1] 刘蔚秋[1] 林继球[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第4期730-736,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-广东省联合基金(U0633002);中山大学实验室开放基金(KF200926);广东省大学生创新实验项目(1055810014)

摘　　要：2008年7月—2010年9月,对珠海淇澳岛红树林不同生境和不同植被群落的蟹类进行了调查,共采集到蟹类8科24种,其中相手蟹科Sesarmidae种类最多,为9种;弓蟹科Varunidae次之,为5种,沙蟹科Ocypodidae 4种。Jaccard区系相似性指数表明,林内泥滩与林外硬质泥滩蟹类区系为中等相似(J=0.523),林外硬质泥滩与高潮区光滩蟹类区系(J=0.071)及林内泥滩与高潮区光滩蟹类区系(J=0)都极不相似。林内泥滩蟹类中,谭氏泥蟹(Ilyoplax deschampsi)在数量上占绝对优势。无齿螳臂相手蟹(Chiromantes dehaani)、中华中相手蟹(Sesarmops sinensis)和弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)等在红树林外道路两侧和堤坝较硬质泥滩数量较多,而林外高潮区光滩的蟹类都是耐干旱和奔跑能力较强的种类。天然秋茄(Kandelia candel)群落蟹类种类数和平均密度较人工引种的无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)群落的少,但平均生物量较无瓣海桑群落高。秋茄群落蟹类密度和生物量与土壤全氮、全磷、有机质等理化因子都呈不显著相关;无瓣海桑群落土壤速效磷与蟹类生物量呈极显著正相关,与蟹类密度呈显著正相关;全磷与蟹类密度呈显著负相关。红树林土壤类型和新生蟹类补充进种群是影响珠海淇澳岛红树林蟹类密度和生物量变化的主要原因。From July 2008 to September 2010,the brachyuran crab fauna was investigated in the mangrove of the Qi＇Ao Island,Zhuhai.A total of 24 species of brachyuran crabs belonging to 8 families were recorded.Sesarmidae（including 9 species）,Varunidae（5 species）,and Ocypodidae（4 species） were the three major families.Similarity index reflected that the crab fauna in the mangrove had moderate similarity to that outside mangrove（J = 0.523）.Crab fauna inside and outside the mangrove had no similarity to that on the high-tide mudflat.Among the 20 species of crab collected in mangrove canopy,Ilyoplax deschampsi was the dominant species,while Chiromantes dehaani,Perisesarma bidens,and Varuna litterata were common species.The 12 species of crab were collected from the roadsides and dam mudflat where there is no mangrove,quantitatively dominated by Chiromantes dehaani,Sesarmops sinensis,Uca arcuata,and Sesarmops sinensis,which are apt at burrowing.The crabs collected from the high-tide mudflat were drought tolerant and quick in running.The community structure of crabs in the two mangrove of nature Kandelia candel are also different from that in the artificially planted Sonneratia apetala mangroves.The species number of crab（7 species） and average density（9 ind./m2）in Kandelia candel were lower than those in Sonneratia apetala（10 species,and 19.5 ind./m2,respectively）,whereas its biomass（11.14 g·m-2）was higher than that in Sonneratia apetala mangrove（6.91 g·m-2）,crab fauna in Kandelia candel had medium dissimilarity with Sonneratia apetala（0.417）.The substrate characteristic in Sonneratia apetala is light clay,whereas in Kandelia candel,it is medium clay.The organic matter,total nitrogen（TN）,and total phosphorus（TP） of Sonneratia apetala soil are higher than those in Kandelia candel soil.In Kandelia candel,the relationships between the crab fauna and soil physiochemical factors such as organic matter,TP,and TN had no significant difference.In Sonneratia apetala,available P had sign

关 键 词：蟹类区系 红树林 淇澳岛 珠海 

分 类 号：Q958.15[生物学—动物学]