辽宁浑河流域不同土地类型地表径流和壤中流氮、磷流失特征  

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus losses through surface flow and interflow on different types of land in Liaoning Hunhe Basin

作　　者：周林飞[1] 郝利朋[1] 孙中华[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]即墨市水利局,山东即墨266200

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第4期737-742,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50979012)

摘　　要：采用人工模拟降雨的试验方法,研究了辽宁浑河流域主要土地利用类型的土壤在地表径流和壤中流中所产生的氮、磷流失特征。结果表明,(1)地表径流和壤中流氮、磷流失特征差异显著,地表径流氮、磷输出浓度均表现为降雨初期较高而后逐渐趋于稳定的特征;壤中流氮、磷输出浓度在整个径流过程中保持相对稳定。(2)在整个降雨径流过程中,耕地与草地氮、磷流失均以地表径流为主,随壤中流流失的氮、磷占输出量的比例较小。(3)耕地与草地中地表径流和壤中流氮、磷流失差异表明,土壤的水分下渗滤减机制对氮、磷流失具有很大的削减作用,草地中对总磷的削减作用尤为显著,可达90%以上。Simulated artificial rainfall experiments have been carded out to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus losses through surface flow and interflow on different types of land in Liaoning Hunhe Basin. The results indicated that： （ 1 ）there are remarkable differences between Nitrogen and phosphorus loss characteristics in surface flow and that in interflow. The output density of nitrogen and phosphorus through surface flow is high in the initial time but tends to be stable with artificial rainfall eontinning. The output density of nitrogen and phosphorus through interflow keep relative stable in the whole runoff process. （ 2 ） In the whole artificial rainfall process, nitrogen and phosphorus losses by surface flow take a high proportion on cultivated land and grassland, but take a low proportion in interflow. （ 3 ） The difference in nitrogen and phosphorus losses through surface flow and interflow on cultivated land and grassland shows that soil infiltration mechanism has large reduction function, especially significant for total phosphorus in grassland, reaching more than 90%.

关 键 词：人工模拟降雨 养分流失 土地利用类型 地表径流 壤中流 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]