稻季田面水不同形态氮素变化及氮肥减量研究  

Change of different nitrogen forms in surface water of rice field and reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application in rice season

作　　者：赵冬[1,2] 颜廷梅[1] 乔俊[1,2] 薛峰[1,3] 杨林章[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第4期743-749,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家973计划项目(2007CB109303);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD04B01)

摘　　要：通过氮肥减量田间小区试验,研究了稻季3次施肥后田面水不同形态氮素的变化特征、水稻产量与氮肥农学效率和环境效应的关系。结果表明:施氮显著增加了田面水的氮素质量浓度,且氮素质量浓度随施氮量的减少而降低。田面水总氮,有机氮在施氮后1 d达到最大,随后快速下降;铵态氮和无机氮在基肥和分蘖肥施用1 d后也达到最大,而在穗肥施用后经历了一个先升后降的变化过程;无机氮是田面水氮素的主要形态,应将无机氮作为农田排水污染检测的主要指标;施氮后1周是防止稻田田面水氮素大量流失的关键时期;随着施氮量的增加,氮肥农学效率不断下降,氮素径流损失不断增大,综合水稻产量、农学效率和环境效应,试验区氮肥减量50%是可行的,但其产量持续性仍需进一步验证。This study focused on the change in characteristics of different nitrogen forms in surface water of paddy field after three fertilizer managements and the relationship among grain yield, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and environmental benefit of reducing nitrogen application rate under different N treatments. Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application sharply （change this to obviously or sth else） increased the concentrations of N in surface water of rice field and N content level dropped with decrease in nitrogen application, After 1 day of each fertilizer management, total N （TN） and organic N content in surface water both reached peak values. The ammonia nitrogen （NH4＋-N） and inorganic nitrogen also presented the same trend, however, peak values of NH4＋-N and inorganic nitrogen was not observed in the first day after earing fertilizer practice. Inorganic nitrogen was the main form of N in surface water of paddy field, thus it should be considered as the best index for farmland drainage pollution detection. The week after fertilizer practice was the critical period for mitigating N runoff losses from paddy field. The agronomy efficiency was decreased and more N lossed through runoffwas observed as the rate of fertilizer input increased. It was feasible to reduce the rate by 50% considering yield, agronomy efficiency and environmental benefit of reducing nitrogen application, but the consistency of high yield at 50% N input should be further tested.

关 键 词：稻田 田面水 氮素形态 氮肥减量 产量 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] X592[农业科学—农业基础科学]