三峡工程蓄水运用后长江中游河道演变初步研究  

Fluvial processes in Middle Yangtze River after impoundment of Three Gorges Project

作　　者：许全喜 袁晶 伍文俊 肖宜[3] 

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江航道局,湖北武汉430010 [3]武汉大学水资源与水电工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2011年第2期38-46,共9页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(50725930);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51009109);财政部专项项目"全球江河泥沙信息管理数据库建设";水利部公益性行业科研专项"梯级水库运用对长江中游水沙与冲淤影响研究"(200901003)

摘　　要：三峡工程是长江流域治理开发的关键性工程。本文在分析三峡工程蓄水运用以来坝下游水沙特性变化的基础上,采用长江中游宜昌至湖口多年的实测地形资料,对建库前后该河段的泥沙冲淤变化及河势演变特点进行了深入的探讨。研究表明:三峡工程蓄水运用以来,坝下游输沙量大幅减小,荆江三口分流分沙特性尚未发生明显变化,长江与洞庭湖的关系进一步调整;坝下游河势总体稳定,但河床冲刷强度加剧,并由蓄水前的"冲槽淤滩"转变为"滩槽均冲"。宜昌至枝城河段河床纵向冲刷明显、洲滩面积萎缩、床沙明显粗化;荆江河床冲刷下切,河床形态逐渐向窄深形式发展;城陵矶至湖口河段部分弯道段主泓横向摆动、凹岸崩塌,分汊段主泓摆动不定,滩槽冲淤交替仍较为频繁。The Three Gorges Project（TGP） is the key project for the development of Yangtze River Basin.In this paper,based on the analysis of the water flow and sediment change downstream the TGP after the impoundment and the measured topography from Yichang to Hukou,the river regime change in this reach after the impoundment of the TGP is studied.The conclusion indicates that after the impoundment of the TGP,the scouring degree along the downstream channel were increased,and the character of the scouring was that the shoal and the principal channel were scoured simultaneously,although before the impondment of the TGP,the shoal was always in deposition.Along with the reduction in sediment load from the upstream,firstly,distinct vertical scouring from Yichang to Zhicheng happened,and the riverbed was coarsened expressly.Secondly,in the Jingjiang reach,the channel has been developed to narrow and deep form.Thirdly,in some parts of the curved reach from Chenglingji to Hukou,the principal flow swayed and the bank collapsed frequently in concave banks.

关 键 词：三峡工程 长江中游 河道演变 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]