三峡水库对下游重要鱼类产卵期生态水文情势影响研究  

Effects of Three Gorges reservoir on the downstream eco-hydrological regimes during the spawning of important fishes

作　　者：郭文献[1] 王鸿翔[1] 徐建新[1] 夏自强[2] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电学院,郑州450011 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2011年第3期22-26,38,共6页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家"十一五"水专项资助项目(2008ZX07209-002-04);华北水利水电学院高层次人才引进资助项目(200907)

摘　　要：三峡水库蓄水,改变了河流天然水流情势,同时也导致了水库下游鱼类产卵繁殖条件的变化。以长江中华鲟和四大家鱼为研究对象,采用水库下游宜昌水文站实测流量、水位、水温和泥沙资料,定量分析了三峡水库蓄水前后中华鲟和四大家鱼产卵期的生态水文情势变化情况。分析结果表明,中华鲟产卵繁殖期的10月和11月多年平均流量分别减少了24.7%和24%,多年平均含沙量分别下降了94%和97%,而水温则略有上升;四大家鱼产卵繁殖高峰期的5月和6月多年平均流量分别减少了4.1%和10.6%,多年平均含沙量下降了95%,水温略有降低;此外,三峡水库蓄水使得中华鲟和四大家鱼产卵时间平均推迟10天左右,产卵规模也大幅降低。该研究可为开展三峡水库下游重要鱼类保护提供参考。The impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir in the middle Yangtze has changed the river flow regimes and produced great influences on the spawning of fishes downstream the reservoir.In this work,the eco-hydrological regimes during the spawning of Chinese sturgeon and four major Chinese carps were analyzed for the cases before and after the impoundment by using the measured data of flow,water level,water temperature and sediment at the Yichang hydrological station downstream the reservoir.The results show that the mean annual discharges were decreased by 24.7% and 24% during the Chinese sturgeon spawning in October and November,respectively,and the mean annual sediment concentration decreased by 94% and 97%,while water temperature was slightly increased.Similarly,during the four major Chinese carps spawning in May and June the discharges were decreased by 4.1% and 10.6%,respectively,and sediment decreased by 95%,while water temperature was slightly decreased.The reservoir impoundment caused a 10 days delay in the spawning of Chinese sturgeon and four major Chinese carps and a great decrease in the spawning scale.This study provides a reference for protecting the important fishes downstream the Three Gorges reservoir.

关 键 词：三峡水库 生态水文 中华鲟 四大家鱼 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]