重新界定《中华人民共和国海商法》的调整对象——以主体-关系规范模式为视角  

Redefining the regulating objects of Chinese Maritime Code from the perspective of the subject-relationship mode

作　　者：王立志[1] 李桢[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学法学院,天津300300 [2]大连海事大学国际海事公约研究中心,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法年刊》2011年第2期58-67,共10页Annual of China Maritime Law

基　　金：天津市高等学校人文社会科学研究一般项目(20102708);天津市社科基金规划项目(TJFX10-194)

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国海商法》(简称《海商法》)调整对象的准确界定是该法修改成功的基础之一。《海商法》第1条关于"调整海上运输关系、船舶关系"的规定,被认为是《海商法》调整对象的规范表述,但该表述存在概念指称不清、外延过于宽泛或不确定、主体缺失与规定错位及调整对象与调整目标之间缺乏合理的对应关系等问题。关于《海商法》调整对象的学理解释观点纷呈,但均过于表面化,未能反思立法不当问题。通过对《海商法》调整对象界定依据的分析,指出应当依据实践诉求、空间要素、主体法律地位及体系性诉求,将《海商法》调整对象界定为平等主体间的法律地位及因船舶运输、船舶停泊、船舶归属与利用而产生的社会关系及与之有关的社会关系。How to define the regulating objects of the Chinese Maritime Code of the People＇s Republic of China（hereinafter referred to as ＂CMC＂） is one of the basic elements of the success of the modification of the said code.The wording in Article 1 of CMC that ＂with a view to regulating the relations arising from maritime transport and those pertaining to ships＂ is deemed to be express statement of regulating objects of CMC.However,there are some problems relating to the said words,such as ambiguous meaning,too broad or indefinite denotation,lack of subjects and undue provisions thereof,and lack of reasonable corresponding relations between the regulating objects and aims of regulation,etc..There are four different viewpoints on the said words,but all too superficial.The viewpoints do not reflect properly on the existing problems of the undue legislation.This article points out that the regulating objects shall be defined in accordance with the characteristics of practices,spatial elements,legal status of subjects,as while as the requirements of legal system.Therefore,CMC shall regulate the legal status of equal subjects and the relations arising from ship transport,anchoring,ownerships and the utilities of ships,and relations relating thereto.

关 键 词：《中华人民共和国海商法》 调整对象 界定依据 主体-关系规范模式 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]