烟草熏蒸过程中仓库内外环境磷化氢浓度检测  

Air phosphine concentration of aluminum phosphide fumigated warehouse

作　　者：张建中[1] 陈发明[1] 叶青[1] 彭言群[1] 

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2011年第6期528-531,共4页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨某烟草仓储基地磷化铝熏蒸过程中库内及周围环境空气中磷化氢（PH3）浓度变化规律,以及熏蒸后开仓通风散气工作场所达到安全浓度所需排放时间,为烟草熏蒸安全作业提供依据。方法按GBZ-159采样规范,采用与熏蒸和散气过程同步等时采样方法,对某烟草仓储基地1号储烟库烟草熏蒸和开仓散气过程仓库内外环境空气中PH3浓度进行现场检测,监测不同时段库内外空气中PH3浓度。结果库内磷化铝投放量为0.2~0.5 mg/m3;库内磷化氢熏蒸浓度为30.36~182.14 mg/m3;熏蒸时操作岗位磷化氢浓度范围为3.12~17.9 mg/m3;开仓散气前库内磷化氢浓度范围为27.3~162.4 mg/m3;在开仓散气48 h后库内pH3氢浓度逐步降至职业接触限值;库外磷化氢浓度在散气时同步检测91%样本低于检出限,仅9%样本有微量检出。结论库外磷化氢浓度在熏蒸全过程均低于职业接触限值,库内磷化氢浓度在自然通风散气72 h后达到安全浓度。Objective To investigate the variation of air phosphine（PH3）concentrations in the internal and external environment of warehouse after aluminum phosphide（AlP） fumigation and natural air ventilation.Methods Air PH3 concentrations inside and outside fumigated warehouse were measured using synchronous sampling method according to the GBZ159 air collection standard during the process of fumigation and ventilation.Results PH3 concentrations were 30.36~182.14 g/m3 inside the warehouse when it was fumigated with 0.2~0.5 g/m3 AlP.Air PH3 concentrations were 3.12~17.9 mg/m3 and 27.3~162.4 g/m3 respectively at the fumigation operation position and before the ventilation of fumigated warehouse.PH3 concentrations gradually decreased to occupationally acceptable level in 90% of the air samples inside the warehouse after 48 hrs of natural ventilation.Conclusion Air PH3 concentrations outside the fumigated warehouse were within the occupational acceptable levels in the whole process of fumigation.The safe level of air PH3 concentrations inside the fumigated warehouse was achieved after 72 hrs of natural air ventilation.

关 键 词：烟草熏蒸 自然通风散气 磷化氢 控制措施 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]