上海大莲湖湖泊湿地两栖动物群落分布及生境选择模式  

The Distribution and Habitat Selection Patterns of Amphibian Population in Dalian Lake Wetland,Shanghai

作　　者：吴迪[1,2] 岳峰[1,2] 罗祖奎[3] 王天厚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [2]上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062 [3]凯里学院环境与生命科学学院,贵州凯里556011

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期268-273,共6页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：上海市科委重大科技支撑计划资助项目(08DZ1203200;08DZ1203202);上海市科委资助项目(10DZ1211000)

摘　　要：2009年4月到2010年8月,对大莲湖的两栖动物多样性进行了初步调查,两年在6类生境的调查中共记录到两栖动物2科5种1 469只.其中湖岸边的多样性指数和均匀性指数最高(H′=1.313 63,E=0.816 204),人工生境中多样性指数与在自然湿地中相比明显较低(H′=1.101 17,1.082 66,1.102 33;E=0.684 195,0.672 694,0.684 916).运用多元回归分析对两栖动物不同物种的数量与水面积比例、水生植被覆盖率、裸地面积比例、生境复杂程度、人为干扰等环境因子进行生境关键因子分析.回归模型显示:中华蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)数量与裸地面积呈正相关(P<0.05),与其他因素无显著关系;泽蛙(Rana limnocharis)数量与生境复杂程度呈显著正相关(P<0.01);金线蛙(R.Plancyi)数量与水面积比例、水生植被覆盖率、生境复杂程度呈正相关(P<0.05);黑斑蛙(R.nigromaculata)数量与水生植被覆盖率呈显著正相关(P<0.01),而与人为干扰呈显著负相关(P<0.01);饰纹姬蛙(Microhyla ormata)数量与生境复杂程度呈正相关(P<0.01),而与人为干扰呈显著负相关(P<0.01).研究结果证实人为干扰和生境破碎化是影响大莲湖湿地两栖动物数量的主要因素,并由此提出在大莲湖地区实施保护两栖动物的措施和栖息地修复的原则.From April 2009 to August 2010,population surveys of amphibians were conducted at shore area of Dalian Lake,Shanghai.A total of 1469 individuals of 5 amphibian species from two families were recorded in six different habitats.Among these habitats,The Shannon-Wiener index（H′） and Pielou index（J） were highest in the lakeside habitat（H′=1.31363,E=0.816204） among all.Two indexes（H′ and J） in three artificial habitats were significantly lower than those in the natural habitats.Meanwhile,the environmental factors including proportion of water area（PW）,proportion of water vegetation（PV）,proportion of barren（PB）,complexity of habitat（CH） and human disturbance（HD） were measured quantitatively.Based on the Multi-regression analysis between amphibian numbers and environmental variables,the results indicated that,the numbers of Bufo gargarizans positively correlated with PB（P〈0.05） compared with other variables;the number of Rana limnocharis positively correlated with CH（P〈0.01） rather than other parameters;PW,PV,CH impacted on the number of R.plancyi positively（P〈0.05）;the number of R.nigromaculata significantly correlated with PV（P〈0.01）,and number of Microhyla ormata correlated with CH positively（P〈0.01）,both R.nigromaculata and M.ormata＇s numbers negatively correlated with HD（P〈0.01）.The human disturbance and habitat isolation were the most important negative factors impcating the distribution of amphibian in the Dalian Lake wetland.Based on the correlative research,some guidelines of how to protect amphibian were proposed.

关 键 词：大莲湖 两栖动物 生境选择 群落保护 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]