崇明岛不同土地利用类型下土壤动物群落多样性研究  

Diversity of Soil Animal Community Under Different Land-Use Types in Chongming Island

作　　者：刘扬[1,2] 张岸[1,2] 严莹[1] 李恺[1,2] 方燕[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [2]上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期288-295,共8页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：上海市科委重大科技攻关项目(06DZ12303);上海市大学生创新活动计划项目(KY2008-18S);上海市城市化生态过程和生态恢复重点实验室开放基金资助项目

摘　　要：土壤动物种类和组成是区域生物多样性的重要组成部分,在崇明岛选择了苗圃、农田、公园和湿地这4种不同土地利用类型的土壤为研究对象,对其中的土壤动物群落多样性进行了调查分析,以探讨崇明岛土壤动物群落结构与不同土地利用类型的关系.共获得土壤动物1 179头,分属28个类群;其中大型土壤动物共483头,中小型土壤动物共696头.蜱螨目为最优势类群,弹尾纲为次优势类群.大型土壤动物中后孔寡毛目是最优势类群,鞘翅目、蜘蛛目和等足目是次优势类群.土壤动物的垂直分布呈现出表聚性.土壤动物的水平分布因土地利用类型不同而具有一定差异,以苗圃和公园中多样性较高;农田的多样性与均匀度最低,Simpson指数最高;湿地因受人类活动影响较小,与其他利用类型的相似性指数较低,其群落多样性和稳定性都高于农田,显示了湿地独特的土壤动物群落结构特点.The groups and composition of soil animal are the important parts of district biodiversity.The four different land-use types were chosen in Chongming Island such as nursery,paddy field,park and wet land,the diversity and composition of the soil animal community were investigated,in order to reveal the relationship between the distribution of soil fauna and different land-use types.A total of 1179 soil animal individuals,containing 483 soil macrofauna and 696 soil meso-and meio-fauna,belonging to 28 groups of soil animals were collected.Acarina was the dominant group and Collembola took the second place.For soil macrofauna,Oligochaeta was the dominant group,Coleoptera,Araneae and Isopoda were the secondary ones.The vertical distribution of the numbers and group components of soil animals had obvious surface collection,while the horizontal distribution of soil animal varied among different land-use types,the diversity of soil animal in nursery and park were higher than the others;the diversity and Pielou index of paddy field were the lowest and the Simpson index was the highest;the Jaccard index between wet land and other land-use types were much lower,and the diversity and stability of wet land were much higher than paddy field,because wet land was less affected by human activities,and its unique structural characteristics of the soil fauna were demonstrated.

关 键 词：崇明岛 土壤动物 群落 多样性 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]