鸻形目鸟类对南汇滨海滩涂的生境选择  

Habitat Selection of Shorebirds in the Intertidal Mudflat of Nanhui Coasts

作　　者：衡楠楠[1,2] 牛俊英[1,2] 张斌[1,2] 王天厚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [2]上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期296-301,共6页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：上海市科委科研计划资助项目(10dz121100008231200701)

摘　　要：海岸带湿地是迁徙鸻形目鸟类的重要栖息地,为了解迁徙鸻形目鸟类对围垦堤外滩涂湿地的利用状况以及对该鸟类的保育策略,2010年春季（3~5月）与秋季（9~11月）,在围堤外由北向南依次分布的生境特征（包括高程、滩宽、光滩宽、植被面积和人为干扰等）差异显著的4个（A、B、C、D）典型样方内,对鸻形目鸟类群落进行了调查,并对鸟类栖息地选择模式进行了分析.调查中共统计到鸟类28种,春季的优势种为环颈鸻（Charadrius alexandrinus）、中杓鹬（Numenius phaeopus）、蒙古沙鸻（Charadrius mongolus）,占总体数量的39.56%;稀有种为黑尾塍鹬（Limosa limosa）、矶鹬（Actitis hypoleucos）、灰尾漂鹬（Heteroscelus brevipes）、三趾滨鹬（Calidris alba）.秋季的优势种为环颈鸻、黑腹滨鹬（Calidris alpine）、青脚鹬（Tringa nebularia）,占总体数量的66.98%;稀有种为红颈瓣蹼鹬（Phalaropus lobatus）、灰斑鸻（Pluvialis squatarola）、白腰杓鹬（Numenius madagascariensis）、泽鹬（Tringa stagnatilis）、灰尾漂鹬.单因素方差分析表明：春季,A,B,C,D 4个样方鸻形目鸟类的种类、个体密度、多样性（H′）和均匀性（J）均存在显著差异;秋季,4个样方的鸟类种类,个体密度存在显著差异.通过对鸟类群落特征与环境因子进行多元回归分析,初步总结出南汇滨海滩涂的滩宽,植被面积和人为干扰是影响鸻形目鸟类觅食和栖息的关键因子,并最终认为该区域只是迁徙鸻形目鸟类的一个觅食扩散地.Costal regions are important habitants for migratory shorebirds.To understand the habitat use by the migratory shorebirds and to develop a conservation strategy for shorebirds,during the spring（from March to May） and autumn（from September to November） of 2010,along the costal region,four typical samples A,B,C and D which had significant differences among their environmental factors（including elevation,total mudflat width,bare mudflat width,human disturbance and vegetation area） were selected,then shorebird individuals in the samples and their spatial distribution simultaneously were surveyed.A total of 28 species were identified.In spring,the dominant species were Kentish Plover（Charadrius alexandrinus）,Whimbrel（Numenius phaeopus） and Lesser Sand Plover（Charadrius mongolus） accounted for more than 39.56% of the total number;the rare species were Black-tailed Godwit（Limosa limosa）,Common Sandpiper（Actitis hypoleucos）,Grey-tailed Tattler（Heteroscelus brevipes） and Sanderling（Calidris alba）.In Autumn,the dominant species were Kentish Plover,Dunlin（Calidris alpine） and Common Greenshank（Tringa nebularia） accounted for more than 66.98%;the rare species were Red-necked Phalarope（Phalaropus lobatus）,Grey Plover（Pluvialis squatarola）,Eurasian Curlew（Numenius madagascariensis）,Marsh Sandpiper（Tringa stagnatilis） and Grey-tailed Tattler.A significant differences appeared in the characteristics of shorebird communities among the samples of A,B,C and D in spring.The species and individual densities of the shorebirds among the samples were significantly different in autumn by the way of one-way ANOVA.The habitat-selection analysis on the environmental-factor impacting on the shorebird communities was made in the four samples with Canonical Correspondence Analysis.The results indicated that total mudflat width,vegetation area and human disturbance were the important factors affecting the use of the natural mudflat by shorebirds and the intertidal mudflat of Nanhui

关 键 词：鸻形目鸟类 多元分析 生境选择 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] Q959