安徽部分湖泊养殖鱼类暴发性出血病的病原分离与鉴定  

Isolation and identification of pathogens in fulminant hemorrhagic disease of cultured fish in Anhui

作　　者：李冠青[1] 王艺[1] 李槿年[1] 邵士惠[1] 祖国掌[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2011年第6期496-499,共4页Chinese Journal of Microecology

基　　金：安徽高校省级自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2010A118)

摘　　要：目的确定引起安徽省部分湖泊养殖鱼类暴发性出血病的病原,为防治该病提供理论依据。方法随机取濒死期鲫鱼和白鲢的肌肉组织分别进行细菌和病毒分离培养,联合采用细菌表型鉴定法和16S rRNA基因序列分析法鉴定分离菌株,并使用分离菌株进行人工感染实验。结果从5尾患病鱼的肌肉组织中分离获得5株细菌,综合分离菌株的形态特征、理化特性和16S rRNA基因序列与系统发育学分析的结果,确定L1菌株为温和气单胞菌、L2菌株为维氏气单胞菌、J1、J2和L3菌株为嗜水气单胞菌。人工感染实验表明这5个气单胞菌分离株均具有较强的致病性。结论气单胞菌是该次鱼类暴发性出血病的病原,水温剧变、水质恶化和缺氧是疾病暴发的诱因,应采取改善环境、加强饲养管理、提高鱼体抵抗病力和及时杀灭病原体的综合措施防控该病。Objective To determine the pathogens causing fulminant hemorrhagic disease of cultured fish in some lakes of Anhui Province for guiding the prevention and control of the disease in the future.Method Bacteria and viruses were isolated from muscle tissue of the dying crucian carp（Carassius auratus） and silver carp（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix） that were selected randomly.The isolated bacterial strains were identified by morphology,cultural and biochemical characteristics,16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and its phylogenetic analysis.In addition,the pathogenicity of isolated strains was determined by artificial infection animal experiment.Result Five strains named L1,L2,L3,J1 and J2 were isolated and identified： strain L1 was Aeromonas sobria,strain L2 was Aeromonas veronii,strain J1,J2 and L3 were all Aeromonas hydrophila.Artificial infection animal experiments exhibited that they had a stronger pathogenicity to experimental fish.Conclusion The pathogen causing fulminant hemorrhagic disease of cultured fish in Anhui Province is Aeromonas,and drastic changes in water temperature,water quality deterioration or lack of oxygen are the risk factors of disease outbreaks.Some comprehensive measures to control infectious diseases of fish should be taken,including improvement of water environment,reinforcement of feeding and management,enhancement of disease resistance of fish and elimination of pathogens in time.

关 键 词：湖泊 鱼类暴发性出血病 病原分离 表型鉴定 16SrRNA基因序列分析 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]