明清古建筑木结构典型抗震构造问题研究  

Typical aseismic construction problems in ancient Chinese wooden buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：周乾[1,2] 闫维明[1] 纪金豹[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学工程抗震与结构诊治北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2011年第2期36-48,共13页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：故宫博物院科研基金资助(KT2007-4);文化部科技创新项目资助(17-2009)

摘　　要：为保护古建筑,采用分类统计方法,研究了我国明清古建筑木结构的典型抗震构造问题。基于大量工程现场勘查结果,对古建筑木结构的典型抗震构造问题进行了归纳汇总,分析了原因,提出了加固建议;基于典型算例,对古建筑木结构加固方法进行了深入论证。结果表明:我国古建筑木结构的柱子、斗棋、榫卯节点、梁架、屋顶等各部位都容易产生开裂、糟朽、变形、拔榫等抗震构造问题并影响结构的抗震性能,而这些问题的产生原因主要与木结构的构造特征、木材材料性质及施工保养等因素有关;对这些抗震构造问题及时采取合理有效的加固措施,可减轻或避免结构产生的震害。With the aim of protecting ancient Chinese wooden buildings,classification and statistical methods were used to analyze typical aseismic construction problems encountered in Chinese wood buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasty. Based on survey results of a large number of ancient Chinese wooden buildings,typical aseismic construction problems are summarized,the causes are analyzed,and the corresponding strengthening methods were proposed.By analysis typical examples,strengthening techniques are further demonstrated.Results show that a numbers of Chinese ancient wooden building parts,such as columns,tou - kung（bracket sets）,tenon - mortise Joints,beams,roof and so on are easily subject to cracking,decay,deformation and disconnection.They cause problems that affect the aseismic behavior of the structure.These problems are closely related to constitution characteristics of ancient Chinese wooden structures,the material properties of wood,the construction process and preservation conditions.By reasonable and effective reinforcement of all these features,the damage caused by earthquake can be minimized or prevented.

关 键 词：抗震构造 典型问题 加固建议 木结构 中国古建筑 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]