壁画、建筑彩绘文物中几种测定蛋白质方法的比较和评价  

Comparison and evaluation of methods for quantitative analysis of proteins in wall paintings and colored relics of ancient architecture

作　　者：王丽琴[1] 杨璐[1] 周文晖[1] 樊晓蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2011年第2期59-63,共5页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助(2010BAK67B12);陕西省教育厅(2010JK878;09J2030);西北大学研究生创新基金项目资助(10YJC17);陕西省重点学科建设专项资金项目资助

摘　　要：蛋白质常作为胶结材料存在于壁画、建筑彩绘文物中。它的老化变质及其流失会使彩绘颜料产生掉色、脱落,胶结材料的含量与该类文物的病害密切相关。因此,定量测定蛋白质含量对彩绘文物的病害机理和修复保护研究具有重要意义。本研究在总结凯氏定氮法、分光光度法等蛋白质含量测定的一般方法的基础上,重点阐述了彩绘文物颜料层和古建油饰彩画地仗层中蛋白质含量测定的常用方法,如气-质联用法、氨基酸分析法、元素分析法。介绍了这些方法的原理、特点以及应用实例。从分析结果来看,以上方法在彩绘文物颜料层和地仗材料中蛋白质含量测定方面发挥着重要作用。Protein materials were usually used as binding media in wall paintings and colored relics of ancient architecture, and therefore their aging and deterioration may cause fading and peeling-off of pigments.The relative content of binding media is closely related to the decay of this type of cultural heritage.Therefore,quantitative analysis of proteins is very important for the study of decay mechanisms,restoration and conservation of painted cultural heritage objects.This article summarizes the methods used for analysis of protein content,including the Kjeldahl method and spectrophotometry.Methods used,for example,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）,amino acid analysis and elemental analysis,to analyze the protein content in pigment layers of colored relics and in plaster layers of wall paintings in ancient architectures are highlighted.The principles,characteristics and applications of these methods are also introduced.From the results obtained,it seems that all the methods mentioned play very important roles in the analysis of protein content in colorants used in polychrome relics and ancient architectural plaster.

关 键 词：蛋白质 文物 含量 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K878[历史地理—历史学]