基于人口视角的公共服务均等化改革  

Public Services Equalization Reform in China:Analysis from Population Perspective

作　　者：王玮[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第6期6-12,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(编号:07CJY054);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(编号:200902169)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：公共服务的利益分享和成本分担,最终都会落实到每一个人的身上,"人"是其中的一个重要影响因素。我国不同社会成员享有的公共服务水平存在着很大的不同,而且各自所承担的公共服务提供成本也有着较大的差距。本文立足于"人"这一基点,从三个方面剖析了我国公共服务非均等格局形成的原因:①长期存在的对"人"身份进行区分的传统及其在我国社会经济制度中的体现是我国公共服务非均等格局形成的根源;②人口流动性的缺乏为我国公共服务非均等格局的形成提供了某种便利;③巨大的人口规模以及农村人口占多数的人口结构等也加剧了我国公共服务非均等格局的程度。从"人"的角度看,我国推进公共服务均等化改革的基本思路是:彻底消除身份传统在公共服务体制中的影响,建立起无差别的公共服务供给制度和公平的公共服务成本分担机制;努力提高人口的流动性,并使社会经济改革与不断提高的人口流动性相适应;通过大力发展中小城镇等方式来适当调整人口结构。Benefit and cost sharing of public services will eventually be distributed on an individual basis. Therefore, ＂person＂ plays a key role in the process of public services equalization. Different people enjoy greatly different levels of public services, and there also exists a wider distribution gap of public services cost between different people. From the perspective of population, this paper discusses the causes of non-equalization of public services in three aspects. Non-equalization of public services finds its root in the long-standing status tradition in the social and economic system ; lack of population mobility is liable to provide convenience for the forming of public services non-equaliz; ation ; the enormous size of population and the rural population-dominated structure are also detrimental to public services equalization. This paper also puts forward some ideas for the reform in public services equalization. To promote public services equalization, measures must be adopted to eliminate the side-effect of status tradition, raise population mobility and adjust population structure.

关 键 词：公共服务均等化 人的身份 人口流动性 人口规模与结构 

分 类 号：F062.6[经济管理—政治经济学]