基于污染权角度的流域生态补偿模型及应用  

An Econometric-based Model of Basin Ecological Compensation and Application from the Perspective of Pollution Rights

作　　者：魏楚[1] 沈满洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学经济管理学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第6期135-141,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(编号:08AJY031;10CJY002);教育部人文社科项目(编号:09YJC790246)

摘　　要：生态补偿标准的测算一直是理论界的研究重点,本文对相关文献进行综述,将现有的研究方法划分为费用分析法、机会成本法、支付意愿法和水资源价值法等,分别评述了各种方法的特点、优劣以及在我国流域生态补偿研究应用中的主要结论,在此基础上,基于污染权角度,采用机会成本法和水资源价值法,构建了一个基于计量经济学的流域生态补偿标准测算模型,其核心在于强调了流域上下游居民均有适当的"污染权",即便在上游地区达标排放的前提下,由于下游地区对水质的较高要求,借助行政手段对上游地区采取了较强的环境管制,在缺乏足够生态补偿的情况下,上游地区由于环境管制而放弃了部分"污染权",也即是其为了更高的环境标准而放弃的机会成本,这部分机会成本可以视作下游需要向上游支付的生态补偿金额。以浙江飞云江流域为例,利用该模型测算出下游温州市每年应向上游文成县提供3.24亿元的生态补偿,用于购买文成县为保护温州市"大水缸"所放弃的污染权。The measurement of ecological compensation standard is a key research field. In general, the research methodology on basin ecological compensation falls into several catalogues： construction cost analysis, opportunity cost analysis, willingness to pay, water resource value assessment, as well as the ecological service value assessment. This paper overviews these methodologies＇ key features and their application in China. According to the opportunity cost theory and resource value assessment approach, an econometric-based model is constructed from the perspective of pollution rights. The main ideal is that residents live in the upstream and downstream have the same ＂ pollution rights＂. To achieve downstream region＇ s additional requirement on water quality, more stringent environmental regulations are imposed on the upstream region, which lead to the loss of pollution rights in the upstream. If the market-oriented ecological compensation is absent, the loss of pollution rights means the opportunity cost. An empirical analysis based on Feiyun River basin in Zhejiang province suggests that the downstream Wenzhou should pay 324 million yuan RMB per year to the upstream, Wencheng county as eco-compensation.

关 键 词：污染权 流域生态补偿 机会成本 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]