大坝安全标准设置水平的差异与对策初探  

Preliminary discussion on difference of safety criterions of dams and countermeasures

作　　者：周和清 谭界雄 

机构地区：[1]长江勘测规划设计研究院,湖北武汉430010 [2]国家大坝安全工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2011年第12期12-15,共4页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划"病险水库除险加固关键技术研究"(2006BAC14B04);国家大坝安全工程技术研究中心资助项目(2009FU115×17)

摘　　要：根据近年来水库大坝安全鉴定资料的统计分析结果,对设计规范中关于混凝土重力坝、拱坝、土石坝在抗滑、应力安全、渗流安全及抗震等方面的安全标准设置的差异进行了初步分析,认为在同样满足规范设计要求的前提下,土石坝相对于重力坝、拱坝的安全裕度相对较低,因此更易发生破坏。针对上述安全水平的差异,结合具体工程实例,初步提出对策和建议:对于混凝土面板坝和沥青心墙坝,应严格确保施工质量,设置水库放空设施,以便于出现严重渗漏时的检查和修复加固;随着年限增长,大坝安全状态逐渐降低,应开展大坝在不同时间阶段内的安全评价标准研究及大坝性能劣化规律研究;尽快制定针对大坝加固方面的规范或设计导则。According to safety evaluation results of different types of dams in recent years,we conduct preliminary analysis on different safety criterions of concrete gravity dam,arch dam,earth-rock dam specified by design codes from aspects of anti-slide,stress condition,seepage safety and anti-seismic capacity.It is found that,under the safety requirements of codes,it is easier for earth-rock dam to fail than for concrete gravity dam and arch dam,i.e.,earth-rock dam has less safety margin compared with concrete gravity dam and arch dam.Aiming at above safety difference and combining with concrete case,we preliminarily propose following countermeasures and suggestions： for concrete face rockfill dam and asphalt concrete core dam,construction quality must be insured strictly,and exhaust facilities must be constructed for convenient to safety check and repair work when severe seepage happens;dam safety condition deteriorates continuously with time,we should focus on safety evaluation criterion in different life cycles and the deterioration laws of dam;standard and design guideline for dam reinforcement works should be put forward quickly.

关 键 词：大坝加固 安全评价 安全标准 设计规范 

分 类 号：TV698[水利工程—水利水电工程]