星形胶质细胞和神经元之间谷氨酰胺的转运研究现状  

Research Status of the Transfer of glutamine between astrocytes and neurons

作　　者：王红[1] 王栓科[1] 汪静[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学第二医院骨科研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国科技信息》2011年第13期127-128,共2页China Science and Technology Information

摘　　要：从谷氨酰胺的星形胶质细胞排除到神经元对其进行摄取,谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环是必不可少的一步,这也是神经元补充谷氨酸的主要途径。本文主要是对参与这一过程的谷氨酰胺转运体的类别和功能做一综述。体内大多数参与谷氨酰胺转运的转运体是相互关联的,许多属性都是相同的,如都对微小pH值变换很敏感等。介导成人大脑中谷氨酰胺转运的转运系统主要是N转运系统(SN1)和A转运系统(SAT/ATA),它们都是AAAP转运家族的成员。它们之间主要的区别就是生理条件下SN1对谷氨酰胺转运是可逆的,这使得SN1既可以维持星形胶质细胞内谷氨酰胺的浓度梯度,也可介导谷氨酰胺的净外流。但在增值的星形胶质细胞内,SN1的功能被ASCT2取代。The export of glutamine from astrocytes,and the uptake of glutamine by neurons,are integral steps in the glutamate-glutamine cycle,a major pathway for the replenishment of neuronal glutamate.We review here the functional and classification of the transporters that mediate this transfer.The participating glutamine transporters are functionally and structurally related,sharing the following properties,such as they are sensitive to small pH changes in the physiological range.The emerging picture of glutamine transfer in adult brain is of a dominant pathway mediated by system N transport（SN1） in astrocytes and system A transport（SAT/ATA） in neurons,they are members of the AAAP family of transporters.A key difference between SN1 and the SAT/ATA transporters is the reversibility of glutamine fluxes via SN1 under physiological conditions,which allows SN1 both to sustain a glutamine concentration gradient in astrocytes and to mediate the net outward flux of glutamine.It is likely that the ASCT2 transporter displaces the SN1 transporter as the main carrier of glutamine export in proliferating astrocytes.

关 键 词：神经胶质细胞 神经元 谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环 A转运系统 N转运系统 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]