强制戒毒模式下男女戒毒者心理健康水平及相关因素的比较  

Mental health and its correlation factors between male and female drug addicts under compulsory treatment

作　　者：金明琦[1] 刘新民[1] 韦克诚 张婷[1] 许东彪 李桦 许晶莹[1] 刘涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院心理学教研室,安徽芜湖241002 [2]南湖强制隔离戒毒所,安徽宣城242000

出　　处：《皖南医学院学报》2011年第3期254-256,共3页Journal of Wannan Medical College

摘　　要：目的:通过问卷调查比较戒毒者和正常人群的心理健康水平及不同性别戒毒者的心理健康水平、应对方式和社会支持度,为在强制戒毒模式下的戒毒工作者提供心理辅导和心理护理的依据。方法:用自编的一般情况调查表、90项症状清单(SCL-90)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)分别调查男性戒毒组和女性戒毒组的人口学资料、心理健康水平、应对方式及社会支持情况,并将两组的调查结果进行比较。结果:①戒毒者SCL-90总分和各因子分均高于正常人群;②男性戒毒组SCL-90总分和除恐怖因子外的各因子分均高于女性戒毒组,积极应对方式和消极应对方式得分均高于女性戒毒组,主观支持和对支持的利用度均低于女性戒毒组,以上各项男女戒毒组差异均有统计学意义;③应对方式是影响心理健康的重要因素。结论:戒毒者心理健康水平低于正常人群,男性戒毒组的心理健康水平和社会支持情况均比女性戒毒组差,调整他们的应对方式有助于提高心理健康水平。Objective：To compare the psychological health and roles of coping styles and social supports between male and female drug addicts by questionnaires for providing the rehabilitation workers with principles to conduct counseling and offer psychological care with the group under compulsory abandonment of drug habits. Methods：We conducted the survey in male and female subjects under compulsive isolated drug rehabilitation regarding the demographic data, mental health status, coping styles and social supports by using the general questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） , Trait Coping Style Questionnaire （TCSQ） and the Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） , and compared the results between the two groups. Results ：（1）Drug addicts scored totally higher with SCL-90 and all factors than the healthy population. （2）Male group under compulsory intervention ranked higher with SCL-90 and all factors and both positive and negative coping styles except for fear factor, whereas scored lower concerning active supports and availability of the supports as compared with the female counterparts, which suggested significant statistical difference. （3）Coping styles appeared as important factors affecting mental health. Conclusion ：The mental health status remains generally lower in drug users during mandatory withdrawal than healthy population do, and similarly, the psychological health and social supports in male subjects are poorer than that of females. Consequently, modifying the coping styles of this population may be effective to improve their impruve mental health.

关 键 词：强制戒毒模式 戒毒者 心理健康 应对方式 社会 支持 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学]