淮河流域氮肥农药施用的合理性及其环境影响  

The Usage Rationality and Environmental Impacts of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer and Pesticide in the Huaihe River Basin, China

作　　者：宋大平[1] 陈巍[1] 高彦征[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第6期1144-1151,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技部科技支撑项目(2006BAI19B03)

摘　　要：根据1990—2008年统计数据和相关参数,通过估算农田系统氮素平衡和农药施用水平来分析淮河流域中下游典型区氮肥农药施用的合理性及其对环境的影响。结果表明,淮河流域研究区N素盈余量和农药施用量呈增加趋势,1990—2008年按耕地平均,N素盈余量由227kg·hm-2增加到453kg·hm-2,农药使用量从7.43kg·hm-2增加到22.63kg·hm-2。从空间差异来看,在研究区的8个县中,6个县耕地N素盈余量在400kg·hm-2以上,2个县耕地氮素盈余量超过600kg·hm-2;5个县农药使用量在20.00kg·hm-2以上,2个县农药使用量超过30.00kg·hm-2。8个县中N素盈余量和农药施用量最高的分别是最低的2.54倍和5.29倍。综合潜在风险分级结果为:沈丘、淮滨、凤台、寿县属于高风险区,五河、霍邱、颍上属于中等风险区,临泉属于较低风险区。可见,该地区氮肥和农药施用量大,且分布不平衡。According to the statistical database and related parameters from 1990 to 2008, the usage rationality and environmental impacts of the nitrogen fertilizer and pesticide in the middle and lower Huaihe River basin were evaluated basing on the estimation of the nitrogen input and output balance in agroecosystem. The average amounts of surplus nitrogen and pesticide usage per hectare cultivated land in test area increased from 227 kg·hm^-2 to 453 kg·hm^-2 and from 7.43 kg·hm^-2 to 22.63 kg·hm^-2 in the duration of 1990 to 2008, respectively. In addition, the average amounts of surplus nitrogen were more than 400 kg·hm^-2 in 6 counties and more than 600 kg·hm^-2 in 2 counties among 8 test counties. The average amounts of pesticide usage were over 20 kg·hm^-2 in 5 counties and over 30 kg·hm^-2 in 2 counties. The amounts of surplus nitrogen and pesticide usage in test area differed greatly. The largest amounts of surplus nitrogen and pesticide usage in one place were 2.54 times and 5.29 times of the smallest in the other, respectively. Potential risk assessments of the test area revealed that Shenqiu, Huaibin, Fengtai, and Shouxian were the areas with the highest risks, and Wuhe, Huoqiu, Yingshang were the areas with the higher risks, and Linquan with the lowest risks. In view of these, there is very large amonnt in application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in the area, and is unbalanced distribution in their content among areas.

关 键 词：淮河流域 氮肥 农药 环境影响 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]