城市开敞空间的避难容灾能力评价研究——以深圳市南山区为例  

Disaster Evacuation Capability Evaluation for Urban Open Spaces:A Case Study in Nanshan District,Shenzhen City

作　　者：辜智慧[1] 庄苏玲[1] 陈达写[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2011年第3期150-155,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BAK50B07)

摘　　要：避难场所的规划选址与开敞空间的避难容灾能力密切相关,但较少研究关注到人口分布现状对避难场所空间选址的影响。以深圳市南山区为例,采用遥感及GIS技术,结合社区人口统计数据,通过分析区内开敞空间的有效性、安全性、通达性及收容性,综合评价其避难容灾能力,为城市避难场所选址筛选出适宜的空间。结果表明:量化的评价程序可有效地剔除有安全隐患或通达性较差、容灾能力不足的空间,结合人口分布现状更能凸显区域内避难场所空间分布的不足,容灾缺口计算结果可作为城市避难场所增设选址的参考依据。Planning and locating disaster shelters directly influences the evacuation capability of urban open spaces.However,few researches paid attention to the influence of population distribution on urban shelters location.As a case study in Nanshan District,Shenzhen,the effectiveness,safety,accessibility and accommodation of all open spaces were analyzed through remote sensing,GIS,and community demographic data.Appropriate places were selected for the city shelters.Results show that： quantitative evaluation procedures could effectively exclude the spaces with hidden dangers,or poor accessibility,or inadequate disaster recovery capabilities.Combined with community demographic data,disaster evacuation capability evaluation highlights clearly the spatial distribution＇s lack of disaster shelters;the disaster evacuation gap calculated can provided a reference for city to add shelters and locate shelters.

关 键 词：开敞空间 地理信息系统(GIS) 社区人口分布 避难容灾能力 避难场所 容灾缺口 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]