人类和黑猩猩Y染色体结构和基因含量的差异性  

Divergent in structure and gene content between human and chimpanzee MSY region

作　　者：金能智[1] 张晶 沈玉琳[1] 孙一桐 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省计算中心,兰州730030 [2]甘肃省永靖县华为希望小学,永靖731600

出　　处：《生物信息学》2011年第2期151-154,共4页Chinese Journal of Bioinformatics

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(NO.2009AA01A130);甘肃省创新团队建设计划项目(NO.098TTCA007)

摘　　要：解读人类和黑猩猩之间的差异性对于研究人类的进化历史具有非常重要的意义。人类和黑猩猩Y染色体相继测序完毕,利用dot-plot程序可以分析它们之间的差异性。研究结果显示,人类和黑猩猩MSY区在结构和基因含量上有很大的差异,人类MSY常染色质主要由扩增序列、X退化序列和X转座序列组成,而黑猩猩MSY常染色质主要由扩增序列和X退化序列组成。黑猩猩的MSY区含有19个回文序列,而人类只有8个回文序列。黑猩猩MSY区的基因只包含了人类MSY区基因的三分之二。通过分析可以推测,黑猩猩和人类MSY之间的显著差异主要来源于四个因素的协同作用:MSY在精子生成中的主要作用;MSY区内频繁的异常重组;减数分裂交叉重组中的"遗传便车"效应;配偶行为引起的精子的竞争。综合比较黑猩猩和人类Y染色体结构和基因含量将对研究Y染色体的进化历史及其动力产生非常重要的意义。Understanding the divergence between chimpanzee and human is of great importance in the study of human＇s evolutionary history.The Y chromosomes of chimpanzee and human have been sequenced,the dot-plot program have been used to investigate their divergence.The results suggest that chimpanzee and human MSY region have remarkably divergent in structure and gene content,human MSY region is largely comprised of three sequence classes：ampliconic,X-degenerate and X-transposed sequences,whereas,chimpanzee MSY region is largely comprised of two sequence classes：ampliconic and X-degenerate.The chimpanzee MSY region have 19 palindromes,whereas,human ampliconic regions have 8 palindromes.The chimpanzee MSY region contains only two-thirds as many distinct genes or gene families as human MSY.Judge from the results,the extraordinary divergence of the chimpanzee and human MSY is driven by four synergistic factor：the prominent role of the MSY in sperm production;frequent ectopic recombination within the MSY;＇genetic hitchhiking＇ effects in the absence of meiotic crossing over;sperm competition caused by mating behavior.The comprehensive comparison of structure and gene content between chimpanzee and human MSY region is very important for trace history and driving force of the evolution of the Y chromosome.

关 键 词：Y染色体 回文序列 扩增序列 X退化序列 X转座序列 

分 类 号：Q-332[生物学]