大跨空间结构智能监测优化设计及信号处理  

Optimum Design of Long-Span Structure Sensor Arrangement and Signal Processing

作　　者：马乾瑛[1] 王社良[1] 朱军强[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2011年第3期285-290,392-393,共6页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划资助项目(编号:90715003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:10972168);教育部科学技术研究重点资助项目(编号:209124);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(编号:200807030002);陕西省工业攻关资助项目(编号:2008K07-31);陕西省自然科学基础研究基金资助项目(2007E205);陕西省重点实验室资助项目(编号:08JZ35);国家重点实验室开放资助项目(编号:08KF02);陕西省教育厅重点实验室访问学者资助项目(编号:09JS023;09JS024)

摘　　要：针对结构形式复杂以及安全性能要求高的大跨空间结构的健康监测,充分利用压电材料抗压性能好、传感速度快的优点,设计了一种将拉力转化为压力且不承受弯矩的新型压电传感器;根据传感器的工作原理,建立了相应的有限元模型,推导了传感器工作的模态方程;基于最大输出原理给出相应的目标函数,运用遗传算法高效地解决了传感器布置位置优化问题;针对结构承受荷载的不确定性以及响应信号的随机性,运用小波分析对振动信号进行采集处理,避免了观测溢出。对一大跨结构进行智能监控数值仿真,结果表明,通过优化布置的新型传感器安全、可靠、高效地实现了大跨空间结构的智能监测,对响应信号进行小波分析处理,在消噪的同时保证了信号处理的稳定性。A new kind of piezoelectric sensor is presented and it can convert pulling forces into pressures without flexural moments.Thus it can be used to health monitoring of long-span structures with complex structural forms and high safety performance requirements.It makes full use of excellent properties of compression-resistance and fast sensoring of piezoelectric materials.A corresponding finite-element model is established according to the sensors theory,and the modal equation is derived.Based on the maximum output principle,the objective function can be obtained,and then the optimization of the sensor arrangement solved by the genetic algorithm.In view of the uncertainty of the load and the randomness of the response signal,the wavelet analysis is used to process the collection of vibration signals,so as to avoid the observation overflow.Through simulation of intelligent monitoring on a long-span structure,results show that the designed senor with optimized arrangement can realize the monitoring effect on long-span structures.After the processing of the wavelet analysis,it can de-noise while ensuring the stability of data process.

关 键 词：监测 压电堆 遗传算法 小波分析 溢出 

分 类 号：TU399[建筑科学—结构工程]