施氮对高产大豆结实性垂直分布的影响  

Nitrogen Effects Vertical Distribution of Yield Components of High-yield Soybean

作　　者：章建新[1] 沈融[1] 李宏琪[1] 邵长贺[1] 苏广禄[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《大豆科学》2011年第3期424-427,共4页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31060179)

摘　　要：以亚有限结荚习性大豆吉育60为材料,在田间研究了4种不同施氮量(0、60、120、180 kg.hm-2)对单株荚数、粒数、腔数和结实率垂直分布的影响。结果表明:主茎各节的荚数、总荚腔数、粒数增幅因施氮量而异,适宜施氮量处理(120 kg.hm-2)15～19节的荚数、总荚腔数和粒数较不施氮对照增幅明显大于10～14节和5～9节,15～19节、10～14节、5～9节的粒数分别增加6.51、1.39、2.06粒,产量(5 264.87 kg.hm-2)增加20.22%;各处理的荚空腔数在主茎上由多至少顺序为5～9节>10～14节>15～19节,施氮对荚空腔数的分布影响小、对单株总结实率无影响;施氮明显增加5～13节间长度,并增加基部节间粗度。适量氮肥主要提高了大豆群体上部的结荚能力,从而增加总荚腔数和粒数。Research on the effects of N applications on vertical distribution of soybean [Glycine max（L.） Merr.] yield components is limited.Field trials were conducted to determine the effect of N application rate on pods,seeds and cavities number on main stem of soybean,with semi-determinate soybean＇Jiyu60＇as material.Nitrogen was applied to the soil with 0,60,120 and 180 kg·ha-1 at flowering,respectively.Application of N increased pods,seeds and cavities number at any rate and node position.Appropriate N（120 kg·ha-1） significantly increased pods and seeds in 15-19,10-14,5-9 nodes of main stem,and increased seed yield by 22%compared with control.The cavities number on different part of stem were lower（5-9 node）middle（10-14）upper section（15-19 node）,application of N had less influence on the distribution of empty pod cavities and had no influence on total seed-setting rate.Nitrogen increased stem diameter of basal node and internode length between 5th and 19th node.Appropriate N enhanced the pod-setting ability of upper section of soybean population,hence,increased total number of cavities and seeds number.

关 键 词：大豆 施氮量 荚 粒 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]