职业卫生年度评价工作对降低企业职业危害风险的作用  

Positive role of annual occupational health evaluation in enterprises reducing health risk of occupational hazards

作　　者：肖建华[1] 沈艳梅[1] 彭建明[1] 张宏光[1] 刘志东[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省惠州市职业病防治院职业卫生评价科,惠州516008

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2011年第3期139-143,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：广东省惠州市科学技术局科技计划项目(2010Y069)

摘　　要：目的探讨职业卫生年度评价工作对企业职业危害风险的影响。方法采用职业流行病学横断面调查法和风险评价法,收集84家企业职业卫生年度评价工作前后5年职业卫生相关资料,建立可行性评价模型,分析其职业危害风险等级变化和原因。结果 1)干预前84家企业危害等级从低至高依次为:极低～极高共5级,构成比分别为2.4%、7.1%、20.2%、31.0%、39.3%;2)职业病发生风险等级评定为3级及以下的企业干预后(最少一年77家)比干预前(25家)增多、4级及以上的企业干预后(最多一年为7家)比干预前(59家)减少;3)职业卫生管理考评指标干预后获得完善(或基本完善)的企业数比干预前增加;4)干预后企业职业病发生的风险评定等级比干预前有明显降低(P<0.05),消除了高风险因素,但经过一段时间累积,个别企业风险评定重新回归到高风险等级。结论职业卫生年度评价工作对促进职业卫生管理效果明显,但须防止高风险的回归。Objective To discuss the positive role of annual occupational health evaluation which was entrusted by the enterprises and implemented by the occupational health service agencies.Methods Cross-sectional survey was done among 84 companies in which the occupational health evaluation was done during previous 5-year.The data on occupational health work were collected and the changing trends were assessed using the grading model.Results 1） Before the implementation of intervention,the grading of occupational hazards at workplaces of 84 enterprises was ranked as 2.4%,7.1%,20.2%,31.0% and 39.3%（from mild to severity） respectively;2） After implementation of occupational evaluation,the occupational hazards grading was changed to mild;only 7 enterprises were ranked as Grade 4 and/or 5.The work on occupational health management was improved in most of the enterprises and all indicators related to the work changed for the better.The high risk factors were eliminated.However,there was a negtive variation of some indicators in some enterprises after some time.Conclusion The good effects of occupational health evaluation was remarkable;however the enterprises should pay more attention to occupational health work and take corresponding measures based on the results of annual occupational health evaluation.

关 键 词：职业卫生年度评价工作 职业危害 风险 

分 类 号：X924[环境科学与工程—安全科学] C931[经济管理—管理学]