废镍氢电池负极材料中活性物质与基体的分离  

Separation of active substances from matrix in negative materials of spent nickel hydrogen batteries

作　　者：王大辉[1] 张盛强[1] 侯新刚[1] 汪建义[1] 黄秀扬[1] 孙雷雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学甘肃省有色金属新材料重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《兰州理工大学学报》2011年第3期11-15,共5页Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology

基　　金：兰州理工大学博士基金(BS01200904);兰州理工大学有色金属合金及加工教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(EKL09002)

摘　　要：针对废镍氢电池负极材料回收工艺中活性物质与基体的分离问题,根据活性物质、基体和黏结剂物理化学性质的差异,分别以物理法、高温焙烧法和稀硫酸-旋流联合法进行废镍氢电池负极材料中活性物质与基体的分离实验研究。结果表明:物理法与高温焙烧法均不易于实现活性物质与基体的有效分离,而稀硫酸-旋流联合法的分离效果较好,在H2SO4物质的量浓度0.3mol.L-1、固液比S/L为20∶1、搅拌速度350r.min-1、温度80℃和反应时间2h的条件下,即可实现废镍氢电池负极材料中活性物质与基体的有效分离,基体Ni经一定处理可作为产品直接回收,Ni元素只有极少部分进入浸出液,所得活性物质的浸出渣和浸出液经后续处理后还可再次用于镍氢电池材料的合成.Aimed at the problem of separation of active substances from matrix in the recycling process of negative materials of spent nickel hydrogen batteries and according to the differences in physical and chemical properties of the active substances,matrix and cementing agent,the experimental investigation of the separation above-mentioned was carried out by means of physical method,high-temperature roasting method and dilute sulphuric acid-eddy combined method respectively.The results indicated that it was not so easy to realize effective separation with physical method and high-temperature roasting,but the effect of dilute sulphuric acid-eddy combined method was better.In conditions such as the amount-of-substance concentration of H2SO4 being 0.3 mol·L^-1,liquid-solid ratio（S/L）-20∶1,mixing speed-350 r·min^-1,temperature-80 ℃ and reaction time-2 h,on effective separation could easily be realized and the matrix Ni could be recycled directly as product through certain processing.Extremely few part of the element Ni entered into the leaching solution,the obtained leaching dregs of active substances and leaching solution could still be applied to the synthesis of nickel hydrogen battery materials after subsequent processing.

关 键 词：废镍氢电池 活性物质 基体 稀硫酸浸取 

分 类 号：TF802.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]