两种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对番茄灰霉病菌的毒理效应  

The toxicological effects of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant to Botrytis cinerea

作　　者：李祥英[1] 赵丽静[1] 陈召亮[1,2] 慕卫[1] 刘峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东省农药毒理与应用技术实验室,泰安271018 [2]上海农业科学院农产品保鲜加工研究中心,上海201106

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2011年第3期265-270,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903033)

摘　　要：为探讨季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂1227和C8-10对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的毒理效应,运用电子显微镜、氧电极、紫外-可见分光光度计等测定了1227、C8-10对番茄灰霉病菌分生孢子萌发、细胞壁结构、呼吸作用和三种细胞壁降解酶的影响,并在番茄叶片活体上接种经药剂处理的番茄灰霉病菌,观察药剂对其侵染活性的影响。结果显示,两种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂5μg/mL处理可使分生孢子芽管变短变粗、基部明显膨大,显著抑制聚甲基半乳糖醛酸酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和羧甲基纤维素酶的活性,并可显著影响番茄灰霉病菌在番茄活体叶片上的侵染活性;40μg/mL处理可导致菌体细胞壁表面出现多处破损、细胞内含物聚集等现象;100μg/mL处理显著抑制分生孢子的呼吸作用;250μg/mL和1 000μg/mL处理对病原菌菌丝呼吸产生破坏作用。说明两种季铵盐杀菌剂高剂量能够破坏菌体细胞壁结构,导致番茄灰霉病菌呼吸完全停止和死亡,而低剂量可以抑制细胞胞壁降解酶的活性,降低其致病力。In order to study the toxicological effects of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant to Botrytis cinerea,the toxicity morphology of conidia germination and cell wall were observed with microscope and scanning electronic microscope.The effect of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant on the respiration of mycelial and conidia and the activity of cell wall degrading enzyme of B.cinerea were tested with the oxygen electrode method and UV-VIS spectrophotometry method.The activity of B.cinerea on tomato live leaves was observed with inoculating pathogens which were treated with quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant.The results indicated that the conidia germ tubes became short,wide and expanded.And the activity of polymethylgalacturonase,polygalacturonase and cellulose was obviously inhibited as well as the infection of B.cinerea on live leaves at the treatment of 5μg/mL.After being treated with quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant at the concentration of 40μg/mL,many different ventages emerged in thesurface of cell wall and the intracellular materials gathered.The respiration of conidia was inhibited ob-viously at the dose of 100μg/mL and the respiration of mycelia was destroyed obviously at 250μg/mL and 1000μg/mL.In conclusion,the quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant can destroy the cell wall of B.cinerea and make it death at high doses.Furthermore they can also inhibit the activity of cell wall degrading enzyme and decrease the pathogenicity of B.cinerea at a low dose.

关 键 词：季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂 番茄灰霉病菌 毒理效应 

分 类 号：S436.412[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]