典型地区多介质环境中多氯联苯、镉致癌风险评估  

CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND CADMIUM IN MULTI-MEDIA OF A TYPICAL AREA

作　　者：邓绍坡[1,2] 骆永明[1,2] 宋静[1,2] 滕应[1,2] 陈永山[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2011年第4期731-742,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40810180;40871155);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-404);科技部863重点项目(2009AA063104)资助

摘　　要：对典型地区多种环境介质土壤(n=151)、地下水(n=9)、大气(可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和气态污染物,n=4)及农作物(蔬菜(n=38)和大米(n=95))进行采样,分析其中多氯联苯(PCBs)和镉(Cd)含量,利用美国EPA致癌风险评估模型评估研究区居民经多种途径接触多种介质引起的PCBs和Cd的致癌暴露剂量和致癌风险。进行致癌风险贡献率分析,筛选出主要的致癌污染物、暴露途径及对致癌风险贡献最大的环境介质。研究结果表明,所调查的环境介质中均存在严重的PCBs、Cd污染,蔬菜和大米中Cd的平均含量分别为我国食品中污染物限量标准的130倍和17倍,地下水中PCBs和Cd超标率均很高,大气中气态PCBs及PM10颗粒态PCBs、Cd含量均高于国内外其他地区的调查结果。致癌暴露剂量评估结果表明PCBs、Cd的总致癌暴露剂量分别为允许摄入量的6.8倍和6.1倍,总致癌风险为1.1×10-3,远高于国内外所规定的可接受致癌风险水平;致癌贡献率分析结果表明经口摄入是研究区居民致癌风险的最主要暴露途径,蔬菜、大米和地下水是该地区最主要的PCBs、Cd致癌风险来源。Samples of a variety of environmental media, such as soil （n = 151 ）, groundwater （n = 9）, air （Inhalable particulate （PM10） and gaseous PCBs, n = 4） , vegetable （n = 38） and rice （n = 95 ） were collected in a typical area for analysis of concentrations of PCBs and Cd. The carcinogenic exposure dose and risk of PCBs and Cd to people living in that environment and being exposed to the multi-media through multi-pathway were assessed, using the carcinogenic risk assessment model of USEPA. Contribution rate of the pollutants to the carcinogenic risk was analyzed. And main carcinogenic contaminants, exposure pathways and the greatest contributor among the environmental media to the carcinogenic risk were screened out. Results show that all the investigated media were heavily polluted by PCBs and Cd. The concentration of Cd in the vegetable and rice reached 130 and 17 times the threshold value for the pollutants in the food of China, respectively. Both PCBs and Cd in the groundwater were high in over-limit ratio. The gaseous PCBs and the PM10-borned PCBs and Cd were all higher in this area than in other areas in and out of the country. The assessment of carcinogenic exposure dose indicates that the total carcinogenic exposure dose of PCBs and Cd is 6.8 and 6. 1 times as high as the acceptable daily intake, respectively. The total carcinogenic risk was 1.10E-03, much higher than the acceptable carcinogenic risks stipulated by other countries and regions. The analysis of carcinogenic contribution rate suggests that oral ingestion was the main pathway of exposure to the carcinogenic risk. Vegetable, rice and groundwater were the main sources of carcinogenic PCBs and Cd in this area.

关 键 词：多氯联苯 镉 多介质 致癌 风险评估 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]