应用PGPR菌肥减少烤烟生产化肥的施用量  

EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF PGPR ON CHEMICAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATE FOR FLUE-CUED TOBACCO

作　　者：王豹祥[1] 李富欣[2] 张朝辉[3] 吴风光[1] 席淑雅[3] 朱宝[1] 曹育博[3] 刘天翔[3] 邱立友[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖北中烟工业有限责任公司,武汉430040 [2]河南省烟草公司,郑州450008 [3]河南农业大学生命科学学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《土壤学报》2011年第4期813-822,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：湖北中烟重点科技攻关项目(2007YL0366-1)资助

摘　　要：利用从烤烟根际筛选的抗生菌、固氮菌、解磷菌和解钾菌菌株制成PGPR菌肥,进行田间完全区组随机试验,研究其在减施化肥的条件下对烤烟产量质量的影响。试验地土壤类型为黄棕壤,种植烤烟品种为云烟89,菌肥施用量30 kg hm-2,于烤烟移栽时溶于生根水中一起施入。共设4个处理,分别是(1)常规施肥同时施用PGPR菌肥;(2)NPK肥为常规施肥的80%同时施用PGPR菌肥;(3)常规施肥;(4)NPK肥为常规施肥的80%。结果表明,施用菌肥的二处理与未施用菌肥的二处理相比,施用菌肥不同生长期烤烟根际放线菌的数量显著降低17%～27%(p<0.05),根际微生物生物量碳含量提高3%～16%,现蕾期根际解磷菌的数量显著提高24%(p<0.05),并可提高烤烟的抗病性,烤后烟外观质量好。处理(2)与处理(4)比较,现蕾期烤烟根际氮、钾、铜、锌、硼和铁6种元素的有效性提高4.46%～28.87%,而磷、钙、镁和锰4种矿质元素的有效性降低2.63%～30.19%,烤烟产量和净产值分别提高7.53%和30.05%。处理(2)与处理(3)比较,烤烟产量和净产值分别提高4.52%和24.68%。使用PGPR菌肥可适当减少化肥用量,为可持续生产优质、无公害烟叶的有效途径之一。PGPR bacterial manure is getting more and more popular in crop and vegetable production, but it has not yet been specialized enough for use in flue-cured tobacco production. In this study, the PGPR bacterial manure used was prepared out of the antibiotic bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bactera screened and isolated from flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere. The experiment was laid out in an experiment field of yellow brown soil, using Yuanyan 89, a common tobacco cultivar. The application rate of the PGPR bacterial manure was set at 30 kg hm^- 2 when tobacco seedlings was transplanted to the plots randomly arranged. The experiment had four treatments, viz. , Treatment Ⅰ, 100% NPK ＋ PGPR （conventional NPK application rate for tobacco ＋ PGPR bacterial manure） , Treatment Ⅱ, 80% NPK ＋ PGPR （80% the conventional NPK application rate ＋ PGPR） , Treatment Ⅲ, 100% NPK （Conventional NPK application rate） and Treatment Ⅳ, 80% NPK （80% of the conventional NPK application rate）. Results show that in the PGPR treatments the count of actinomyces in tobacco rhizospheres was reduced by 17% to 27% （p 〈 0.05） , while the content of microbial biomass carbon increased by 3% to 16% during the whole growth period; the count of phosphate-dissolving bacteria at the budding stage increased by 24% （p 〈 0.05） ; and the quality of cured leaves was better, as compared to those in the non-PGPR treatments. Comparison between Treatment Ⅱand Treatment Ⅳrevealed that application of PGPR increased the availability of N, K, Cu, Zn, B, and Fe in tobacco rhizosphere at budding stage by 4.46%-28.87% , while decreased the availability of P, Ca, Mg, and Mn by 2.63%- 30. 19% , however, it improved yield and net production value of the flue-cured tobacco by 7.53% and 30.05%, respectively. Compared with Treatment Ⅲ, Treatment Ⅱincreased yield and net production value of the flue-cured tobacco by 4.52% and 24.68%. The findings suggest that the use of PG

关 键 词：PGPR菌肥 烤烟 化肥施用量 微生物生物量碳 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S144.5[农业科学—肥料学]